{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:32:51Z","timestamp":1781652771076,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HPTN 071 (PopART) trial demonstrated that universal HIV testing\u2010and\u2010treatment reduced community\u2010level HIV incidence. Door\u2010to\u2010door delivery of HIV testing services (HTS) was one of the main components of the intervention. From an early stage, men were less likely to know their HIV status than women, primarily because they were not home during service delivery. To reach more men, different strategies were implemented during the trial. We present the relative contribution of these strategies to coverage of HTS and the impact of community hubs implemented after completion of the trial among men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2013 and 2017, three intervention rounds (IRs) of door\u2010to\u2010door HTS delivery were conducted in eight PopART communities in Zambia. Additional strategies implemented in parallel, included: community\u2010wide \u201cMan\u2010up\u201d campaigns (IR1), smaller HTS campaigns at work\/social places (IR2) and revisits to households with the option of HIV self\u2010testing (HIVST) (IR3). In 2018, community \u201chubs\u201d offering HTS were implemented for 7 months in all eight communities. Population enumeration data for each round of HTS provided the denominator, allowing for calculation of the proportion of men tested as a result of each strategy during different time periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By the end of the three IRs, 65\u201375% of men were reached with HTS, primarily through door\u2010to\u2010door service delivery. In IR1 and IR2, \u201cMan\u2010up\u201d and work\/social place campaigns accounted for \u223c1 percentage point each and in IR3, revisits with the option of self\u2010testing for \u223c15 percentage points of this total coverage per IR. The yield of newly diagnosed HIV\u2010positive men ranged from 2.2% for HIVST revisits to 9.9% in work\/social places. At community hubs, the majority of visitors accepting services were men (62.8%). In total, we estimated that \u223c36% (2.2% tested HIV positive) of men resident but not found at their household during IR3 of PopART accessed HTS provided at the hubs after trial completion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Achieving high coverage of HTS among men requires universal, home\u2010based service delivery combined with an option of HIVST and delivery of HTS through community\u2010based hubs. When men are reached, they are willing to test for HIV. Reaching men thus requires implementers to adapt their HTS delivery strategies to meet men's needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Number<\/jats:title><jats:p>NCT01900977<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T05:44:40Z","timestamp":1641793480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Closing the gap: did delivery approaches complementary to home\u2010based testing reach men with HIV testing services during and after the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6029-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mwelwa Muleba","family":"Phiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ab","family":"Schaap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musonda","family":"Simwinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6719-6720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernadette","family":"Hensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sian","family":"Floyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chama","family":"Mulubwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melvin","family":"Simuyaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bwalya","family":"Chiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Global Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwame","family":"Shanaube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Fidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College and Imperial College NIHR BRC  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Ayles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambart  Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the HPTN 071 (PopART) Study team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"StaveteigS WangS HeadSK BradleySEK NybroE.Demographic patterns of HIV testing uptake in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. 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