{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:34:45Z","timestamp":1790166885858,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#18813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#18813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because transgender individuals experience disproportionately high rates of HIV infection, this population is an increasing focus of epidemiological and implementation science research to combat the epidemic. However, study participants, providers and other advocates have become increasingly concerned about research practices that may alienate, objectify, exploit or even re\u2010traumatize the communities they are designed to benefit. This commentary explores the common pitfalls of HIV research with transgender communities and provides a potential framework for ethical, community\u2010engaged research practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We review some of the critical challenges to HIV research with transgender and non\u2010binary communities that limit the potential for such studies to improve practice. For example, scales that measure stigma perceptions\/experiences often include activating language, while the consistent focus in research on risk and trauma can often feel judgemental and redundant. Because of limited employment opportunities, some participants may feel undue influence by research stipends; others may perceive their participation as fuelling the larger research economy without providing research jobs to community members. Questions remain regarding optimal strategies for authentic research partnership beyond community advisory boards or focus groups. Transgender and non\u2010binary researchers are under\u2010represented and may be tokenized. Many demonstration projects provide much\u2010needed services that disappear when the research funding is over, and community\u2010based dissemination efforts are often perceived as \u201ctoo little, too late\u201d to effect change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on this review and input from study participants across the United States, we detail six recommendations for ethical HIV research with transgender and non\u2010binary communities, including (1) equitable budgeting with community\u2010based programme partners; (2) representation in the development of both research agenda and methods; (3) integration of research activities into the ongoing work of any clinical or service site, so that individuals\u2019 needs as \u201cclients\u201d can continue to be prioritized over their role as \u201cparticipants;\u201d (4) mindfully considered compensation that values the contributions of community members, but avoids undue influence; (5) transparent, community\u2010focused and timely communication at every stage of the study, including research purpose, data usage, preliminary findings and full\u2010scale results; and (6) planning for sustainability of any programme or services beyond the life of the research project.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T05:50:16Z","timestamp":1665640216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ethical HIV research with transgender and non\u2010binary communities in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5446-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustus","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter Alliance for Research and Translation Hunter College  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarit A.","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter Alliance for Research and Translation Hunter College  New York City New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Hunter College  New York City New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Social Psychology The Graduate Center of the City University of New York  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9299-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70315-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1656-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1134613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2016.1271863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300433"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-017-0360-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2009.21.2.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181fbc9ec"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30269-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2016.1181193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60833-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1759418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2017.0012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794120965371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2018.1434558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-021-00579-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2044425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0368-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0657-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1612014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-013-0371-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13234"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2020.0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02777-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9565-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2016.1154085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6351-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2016.1154085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2016.1236587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2018.0265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2019.0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02749-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2019.0074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.100905"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jia2.25971","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jia2.25971","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jia2.25971","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T23:38:11Z","timestamp":1692315491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jia2.25971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jia2.25971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.25971","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-2652","1758-2652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-2652","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-2652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e25971"}}