{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:57:27Z","timestamp":1789707447386,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early diagnosis is key to achieving the goal of eliminating transmission of HIV and hepatitis B and C. We assessed the uptake, acceptability and interpretability of self\u2010testing using a 3\u2010in\u20101 rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in facility\u2010based services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stand\u2010alone testing services were provided free of charge to consenting individuals aged \u226515 years in five facilities in northern Thailand. Clients were invited to choose between self\u2010testing by fingerprick or venepuncture by a healthcare worker (HCW). In each facility, several clients could simultaneously self\u2010test in separate private areas using TriQuik\u2122 (Genlantis, San Diego, CA, USA), a single immunochromatographic cassette detecting HIV\u20101\/2 antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (HCAb). An interactive program on a tablet computer was developed to collect socio\u2010demographic, behavioural and satisfaction data and provide information to guide the self\u2010test process, including video instructions, results interpretation and a picture of the cassette for immediate remote review by the HCW. When the HCW interpreted an HIV self\u2010test as positive, the HCW collected blood by venepuncture for immediate confirmation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between October 2020 and April 2022, 4119 clients presented for testing for the first time as part of the project. Of them, 3462 (84.0%) opted for self\u2010testing. Among self\u2010testers, 1801 (52.0%) were born female, the median age was 27 years (interquartile range, 22\u201336), 661 (19.1%) belonged to at least one key population and 2124 (61.4%) had never been tested for HIV; 3329 (99.8% of those who answered) reported being \u201cvery satisfied\u201d or \u201csatisfied\u201d with the testing process. The proportions of test results interpreted as positive by self\u2010testers among those interpreted as positive by HCWs were 95% for HIV\u20101\/2 antibody, 95% for HBsAg and 78% for HCAb.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These proportions were higher than those observed in a previous study evaluating another 3\u2010in\u20101 RDT for HIV, HBsAg and HCAb, possibly due to the use of video instructions instead of paper\u2010based instructions, lower prevalence and co\u2010infection rates, or lower percentages of clients with low education level. Multiplex self\u2010testing simplified and streamlined the service delivery process and was well accepted. HCW assistance proved to be essential in a limited number of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T14:24:04Z","timestamp":1671805444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Uptake, acceptability and interpretability of 3\u2010in\u20101 rapid blood self\u2010testing for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Salvadori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thailand\u2010France Research Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jullapong","family":"Achalapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital  Chiang Rai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chonlatorn","family":"Boontan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 1 Chiang Mai Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choosakun","family":"Piriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 1 Chiang Mai Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surachet","family":"Arunothong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 1 Chiang Mai Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawitree","family":"Nangola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences Department of Medical Technology School of Allied Health Sciences University of Phayao  Phayao Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiraphat","family":"Kloypan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Phayao  Phayao Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eakkapote","family":"Prompunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology School of Allied Health Sciences University of Phayao  Phayao Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woottichai","family":"Khamduang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thailand\u2010France Research Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phornphimon","family":"Moolnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thailand\u2010France Research Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakorn","family":"Pornprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumet","family":"Ongwandee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 1 Chiang Mai Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Yves","family":"Mary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1153, Team ECSTRRA Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital Saint\u2010Louis  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzague","family":"Jourdain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thailand\u2010France Research Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ngo\u2010Giang\u2010Huong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thailand\u2010France Research Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. UNAIDS Data 2021 [Internet]. Switzerland: UNAIDS; [cited 2021 Dec 25]. Available from:https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/JC3032_AIDS_Data_book_2021_En.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global progress report on HIV viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections 2021 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Dec 25]. 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