{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:58:47Z","timestamp":1791615527214,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), traditional cardiovascular risk factors, exposure to HIV per se and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are assumed to contribute to cardiometabolic diseases. Nevertheless, controversy exists on the relationship of HIV and ART with diabetes. To clarify the relationship between HIV and type 2 diabetes, this review determined, in PLHIV in Africa, diabetes and prediabetes prevalence, and the extent to which their relationship was modified by socio\u2010demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), diagnostic definitions used for diabetes and prediabetes, and HIV\u2010related characteristics, including CD4 count, and use and duration\u00a0of ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42021231547), a comprehensive search of major databases (PubMed\u2010MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and WHO Global Health Library) was conducted. Original research articles published between 2000 and 2021 in English and French were included, irrespective of study design, data collection techniques and diagnostic definitions used. Observational studies comprising at least 30 PLHIV and reporting on diabetes and\/or prediabetes prevalence in Africa were included. Study\u2010specific estimates were pooled using random effects models to generate the overall prevalence for each diagnostic definition. Data analyses used R statistical software and \u201cmeta\u201d package.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 2614 records initially screened, 366 full\u2010text articles were assessed for eligibility and 61 were selected. In the systematic review, all studies were cross\u2010sectional by design and clinic\u2010based, except for five population\u2010based studies. Across studies included in the meta\u2010analysis, the proportion of men was 16\u201384%. Mean\/median age was 30\u201362 years. Among 86,412 and 7976 participants, diabetes and prediabetes prevalence rates were 5.1% (95% CI: 4.3\u20135.9) and 15.1% (9.7\u201321.5). Self\u2010reported diabetes (3.5%) was lower than when combined with biochemical assessments (6.2%; 7.2%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While not statistically significant, diabetes and prediabetes were higher with greater BMI, in older participants, urban residents and more recent publications. Diabetes and prediabetes were not significantly different by HIV\u2010related factors, including CD4 count and ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although HIV\u2010related factors did not modify prevalence, the diabetes burden in African PLHIV was considerable with suboptimal detection, and likely influenced by traditional risk factors. Furthermore, high prediabetes prevalence foreshadows substantial increases in future diabetes in African PLHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T04:50:29Z","timestamp":1678942229000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Prevalence and influences of diabetes and prediabetes among adults living with HIV in Africa: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2131-8344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasheeta","family":"Peer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Non\u2010communicable Diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Durban and Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non\u2010communicable Diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Durban and Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non\u2010communicable Diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Durban and Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Ethnicity and Health Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institute of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Cirhuza","family":"Cikomola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Bukavu  Bukavu the Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Bisimwa","family":"Nachega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and Center for Global Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5183-131X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre\u2010Pascal","family":"Kengne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non\u2010communicable Diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Durban and Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2187-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155560"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013953"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).Fact sheet \u2013 World AIDS Day 2021.Geneva:UNAIDS;2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2902"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2021.1855975"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas Ninth edition 2019","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"NguyenK PeerN HillJ KengneAP.Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among African adults living with HIV: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis.PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021231547. 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