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In this systematic review, we assessed the impact of interventions that aimed to promote adherence to treatment for chronic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and CINAHL databases to identify relevant studies published between the years 2000 and 2023 and used the QUIPS assessment tool to assess the quality and risk of bias of each study. We extracted data from eligible studies for study characteristics and description of interventions for the study populations of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 32,698 total studies\/records screened, 2814 were eligible for abstract screening and of those, 497 were eligible for full\u2010text screening. A total of 82 studies were subsequently included, describing a total of 58,043 patients. Of the total included studies, 58 (70.7%) were related to antiretroviral therapy for HIV, 6 (7.3%) were anti\u2010hypertensive medication\u2010related, 12 (14.6%) were anti\u2010diabetic medication\u2010related and 6 (7.3%) focused on medication for more than one condition. A total of 54\/82 (65.9%) reported improved adherence based on the described study outcomes, 13\/82 (15.9%) did not have clear results or defined outcomes, while 15\/82 (18.3%) reported no significant difference between studied groups. The 82 publications described 98 unique interventions (some studies described more than one intervention). Among these intervention strategies, 13 (13.3%) were multifaceted (4\/13 [30.8%] multi\u2010component health services\u2010 and community\u2010based programmes, 6\/13 [46.2%] included individual plus group counselling and 3\/13 [23.1%] included SMS or alarm reminders plus individual counselling).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The interventions described in this review ranged from adherence counselling to more complex interventions such as mobile health (mhealth) interventions. Combined interventions comprised of different components may be more effective than using a single component in isolation. However, the complexity involved in designing and implementing combined interventions often complicates the practicalities of such interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is substantial evidence that community\u2010 and home\u2010based interventions, digital health interventions and adherence counselling interventions can improve adherence to medication for chronic conditions. Future research should answer if existing interventions can be used to develop less complicated multifaceted adherence intervention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T16:25:04Z","timestamp":1719332704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intervention strategies to improve adherence to treatment for selected chronic conditions in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7870-1363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siphamandla Bonga","family":"Gumede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B. 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