{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:05:48Z","timestamp":1785539148575,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effective HIV prevention programme coverage is necessary to achieve Nigeria's goal of ending the epidemic by 2030. Recent evidence highlights gaps in service coverage and utilization across the country. The Effective Programme Coverage framework is a Programme Science tool to optimize a programme's population\u2010level impact by examining gaps in programme coverage using data generated through programme\u2010embedded research and learning. We apply the framework using Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS) data from Nigeria to examine coverage of four prevention interventions\u2014condoms, HIV testing, and needle and syringe programmes (NSP)\u2014among four key population groups\u2014female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from Nigeria's 2020 IBBSS, implemented in 12 states, were analysed to examine HIV prevention programme coverage among key populations. For each key population group and prevention intervention of interest, weighted IBBSS data were used to retrospectively generate coverage cascades that identify and quantify coverage gaps. Required coverage targets were informed by targets articulated in Nigeria's National HIV\/AIDS Strategic Framework or, in their absence, by guidelines from policy normative bodies. Availability\u2010, outreach\u2010 and utilization coverage proxy indicators were defined using variables from IBBSS data collection tools. Sankey diagrams are presented to visualize pathways followed by participants between coverage cascade steps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Required coverage targets were missed for HIV testing and NSP among all key population groups. Condom availability coverage surpassed required coverage targets among FSW and MSM, while utilization coverage only among FSW exceeded the 90% required coverage target. Outreach coverage was low for all key population groups, falling below all required coverage targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings identify critical gaps in HIV prevention programme coverage for key populations in Nigeria and demonstrate non\u2010linear movement across coverage cascades, signalling the need for innovative solutions to optimize coverage of prevention services. Programme\u2010embedded research is required to better understand how key population groups in Nigeria access and use different HIV prevention services so that programmes, policies and resource allocation decisions can be optimized to achieve effective programme coverage and population\u2010level impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T05:39:40Z","timestamp":1720676380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Advancing Programme Science approaches to understand gaps in HIV prevention programme coverage for key populations in 12 Nigerian states: findings from the 2020 Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh M.","family":"McClarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Public Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalada","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Public Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"West African Centre for Public Health and Development  Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Public Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwuebuka","family":"Ejeckam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West African Centre for Public Health and Development  Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adediran","family":"Adesina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West African Centre for Public Health and Development  Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0982-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souradet Y.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Public Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Neufeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Public Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"National Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infection Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shajy","family":"Isac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Public Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"India Health Action Trust  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faran","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Public Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Public Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gambo","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agency for the Control of AIDS  Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Country Progress Report\u2014Nigeria: Global AIDS Monitoring 2020","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.Press Release: new survey results indicate that Nigeria has an HIV prevalence of 1.4%.2019. 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