{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:35:12Z","timestamp":1792449312413,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC\u20102021\u201000132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC\u20102021\u201000132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peruvian young transgender women (YTW) ages 16\u221224 years are a critical but understudied group for primary HIV prevention efforts, due to sharp increases in HIV prevalence among TW ages 25 years and older.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between February and July 2022, a cross\u2010sectional quantitative study with YTW ages 16\u221224 years in Peru (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0211) was conducted consisting of a bio\u2010behavioural survey accompanied by laboratory\u2010based testing for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios between socio\u2010demographic and behavioural characteristics and HIV status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV prevalence was 41.5% (95% CI: 33.9\u221249.4%), recent syphilis acquisition 19.4% (95% CI: 12.7\u221228.4), chlamydia 6.3% (95% CI: 3.1\u221211.1) and gonorrhoea 12.3% (95% CI: 7.9\u221218.7). Almost half (47.9%) reported condomless anal sex in the past 6 months, 50.7% reported sex work in the past 30 days and 13.7% reported accepting more money for condomless sex. There were no significant differences in reported sexual behaviours by HIV status. Only 60.8% of participants reported ever having been tested for HIV, and 25.6% reported a past 6\u2010month STI test. More than two\u2010thirds (67.8%) had not heard of antiretroviral pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and only 4.7% had taken PrEP in the past month. Current moderate\u2010to\u2010severe psychological distress was endorsed by 20.3%, 10.0% reported attempting suicide in the past 6 months and 85.4% reported alcohol misuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings show that the HIV epidemic for YTW in Lima, Peru is situated in the context of widespread social exclusion, including economic vulnerabilities, violence victimization and the mental health sequelae of transphobic stigma that starts early in life. Future research should aim to further understand the intersection of these vulnerabilities. Moreover, there is an urgent necessity to design and evaluate HIV prevention programmes that address the root systems driving HIV vulnerabilities in YTW and that focus on developmentally specific clusters of stigma\u2010related conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T18:27:58Z","timestamp":1721759278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["HIV vulnerabilities and psychosocial health among young transgender women in Lima, Peru: results from a bio\u2010behavioural survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7225-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Silva\u2010Santisteban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Sexuality AIDS and Society Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Apedaile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2441-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaya","family":"Perez\u2010Brumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Segundo R.","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyla","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feminas Peru  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francezka","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Sexuality AIDS and Society Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1217-8466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Aguayo\u2010Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Diabetes, and Hypertension Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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