{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:35:45Z","timestamp":1791873345584,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34MH122331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34MH122331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Habits are a common strategy for successfully countering medication non\u2010adherence, yet existing interventions do not support participants during the long habit formation period, resulting in high attrition. We test a novel intervention combining text messages and incentives with anchoring to support antiretroviral therapy (ART) pill\u2010taking habits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a randomized, parallel controlled trial, a sample of 155 participants 18 years and older who initiated ART within 3 months were recruited at Mildmay Uganda between October 2021 and April 2022. All participants were educated on the anchoring strategy and chose an anchor, that is existing routines, to pair with pill\u2010taking. Participants were randomized to either usual care (C = 49), daily text message reminders to follow their anchoring plan (\n                      <jats:italic>Messages<\/jats:italic>\n                      group; T1 = 49) or messages and incentives conditional on pill\u2010taking in line with their anchor (\n                      <jats:italic>Incentives<\/jats:italic>\n                      group; T2 = 57). Assessments occurred at baseline, month 3 (end of intervention) and month 9 (end of observation period). The primary outcomes are electronically measured mean adherence and pill\u2010taking consistent with participants\u2019 anchor time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The primary outcome of pill\u2010taking in line with the anchoring plan was higher in the\n                      <jats:italic>Incentives<\/jats:italic>\n                      group during the 3\u2010month intervention (12.2 p.p. [95% CI: 2.2 22.2;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.02]), and remained significantly higher after the incentives were withdrawn (months 4\u22126 (14.2 p.p. [95% CI 1.1 27.2;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.03]); months 7\u22129 (14.1 p.p. [95% CI \u22120.2 28.5;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.05])). Mean adherence was higher in both treatment groups relative to the control group during the intervention (T1 vs. C,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.06; T2 vs. C,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.06) but not post\u2010intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The promising approach of using incentives to support habit formation among ART treatment initiators needs to be evaluated in a fully powered study to further our understanding of the habit formation process and to evaluate its cost\u2010effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T12:28:50Z","timestamp":1719318530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["INcentives and ReMINDers to Improve Long\u2010Term Medication Adherence (INMIND): impact of a pilot randomized controlled trial in a large HIV clinic in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Linnemayr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RAND Corporation  Santa Monica California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Odiit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mildmay Uganda  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Mukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mildmay Uganda  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishita","family":"Ghai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAND Corporation  Santa Monica California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Stecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Solutions Arizona State University  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Global HIV & AIDS statistics \u2014 Fact sheet. 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