{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:05:15Z","timestamp":1791461115297,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GHA\u2010G\u201000\u201309\u201300003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHA\u2010G\u201000\u201309\u201300003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV\u2010024432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV\u2010024432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social network\u2010based testing approaches (SNAs) encourage individuals (\u201ctest promoters\u201d) to motivate sexual partners and\/or those in their social networks to test for HIV. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness, acceptability and cost\u2010effectiveness of SNA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched five databases from January 2010 to May 2023, and included studies that compared SNA with non\u2010SNA. We used random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis to combine effect estimates. Certainty was assessed using the GRADE approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 47 studies. SNA may increase uptake of HIV testing compared to non\u2010SNA (RR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.06\u20133.95, Low certainty). The proportion of first\u2010time testers was probably higher among partners or social contacts of test promoters using SNA compared to non\u2010SNA (RR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22\u20131.81, Moderate certainty). The proportion of people who tested positive for HIV may be higher among partners or social contacts of test promoters using SNA compared to non\u2010SNA (RR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.01\u20133.35, Low certainty). There were no reports of any adverse events or harms associated with SNA. Based on six cost\u2010effectiveness studies, SNA was generally cheaper per person tested and per person diagnosed compared to non\u2010SNA. Based on 23 qualitative studies, SNA is likely to be acceptable to a variety of populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our review collated evidence for SNA to HIV testing covering the key populations and the general population who may benefit from HIV testing. We summarized evidence for the effectiveness, acceptability and cost\u2010effectiveness of different models of SNA. While we did not identify an ideal model of SNA that could be immediately scaled up, for each setting and population targeted, we recommend various implementation considerations as our meta\u2010analysis showed the effectiveness might differ due to factors which include the testing modality (i.e. use of HIV self\u2010testing), type of test promoters, long or short duration of recruitment and use of financial incentives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social network\u2010based approaches may enhance HIV testing uptake, increase the proportion of first\u2010time testers and those testing positive for HIV. Heterogeneity among studies highlights the need for context\u2010specific adaptations, but the overall positive impact of SNA on HIV testing outcomes could support its integration into existing HIV testing services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:28:41Z","timestamp":1725928121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Social network\u2010based approaches to HIV testing: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Annabelle","family":"Choong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Ming","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Baggaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Barr\u2010DiChiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad S.","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office to the Eastern Mediterranean World Health Organization  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandi L.","family":"Siegfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Clinical Epidemiologist  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric P. 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