{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:16:21Z","timestamp":1782951381743,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV\u2010033052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV\u2010033052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34 MH120106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34 MH120106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00MH121166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00MH121166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD108041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD108041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Private pharmacies in Africa reach individuals with ongoing and periodic HIV risk, yet few countries currently leverage pharmacies as an HIV service delivery platform. We conducted a 6\u2010month pilot to evaluate a model for pharmacy provider\u2010led delivery of HIV pre\u2010 and post\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP) in Kenya.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 12 private pharmacies in Kisumu and Kiambu Counties, licensed pharmacy providers initiated and managed eligible clients \u226518 years on PrEP and PEP under remote clinician supervision (NCT04558554); four of these pharmacies additionally offered sextually transmitted infection (STI) testing. PrEP\/PEP clients were scheduled for follow\u2010up 1 month later and then quarterly (PrEP clients only). Primary outcomes included PrEP and PEP initiation and continuation during the pilot period. Client and providers rated the model across multiple constructs of acceptability and feasibility from established frameworks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January to July 2022, 1028 clients interested in PrEP, PEP and\/or STI testing were screened and 829 initiated one or more service: 661 PrEP, 162 PEP and 52 STI testing. About half of clients (48%, 398\/829) were male, most were unmarried (78%, 644\/829) and PrEP\u2010na\u00efve (89%, 737\/829), and the median age was 25 years (IQR 22\u201331). Most PrEP clients reported inconsistent condom use (88%, 581\/661) or sex with partners of unknown HIV status (70%, 460\/661) in the past 6 months. Most PEP clients reported condomless sex (48%, 78\/162) or a condom break (46%, 75\/162) in the past 72 hours; 4% (6\/162) reported sexual assault. Among PrEP clients eligible for a refill, 73% (479\/658) refilled at least once and 60% (197\/328) twice. Among PEP clients eligible for follow\u2010up, 44% (65\/148) completed follow\u2010up HIV testing and 20% (30\/148) transitioned to PrEP. Among STI clients, 19% (10\/52) tested positive for gonorrhoea (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7) and\/or chlamydia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5). Most clients and providers (\u226592%) found the delivery model and its implementation strategies acceptable. All providers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12) thought it was possible to deliver PrEP and PEP at pharmacies in Kenya.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pharmacy PrEP\/PEP delivery achieved high uptake, continuation and acceptability among eligible clients that could benefit, highlighting the potential of pharmacies to expand HIV prevention service coverage in Kenya, particularly to individuals not accessing these services at clinics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T13:06:26Z","timestamp":1750943186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A modified pharmacy provider\u2010led delivery model of oral HIV pre\u2010 and post\u2010exposure prophylaxis in Kenya: a pilot study extension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7569-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie D.","family":"Roche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Omollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Mogere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners in Health and Research Development  Thika Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdaline","family":"Asewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Gakuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners in Health and Research Development  Thika Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preetika","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall","family":"Harkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7599-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monisha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1255-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian","family":"Pintye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8875-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa Latigo","family":"Mugambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parth","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Odoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ong'wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhpiego  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6538-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Were","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhpiego  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Bukusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kisumu Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8062-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ngure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-8836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina F.","family":"Ortblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"PEPFAR's Five\u2010year Strategy: Fulfilling America's Promise to End the HIV\/AIDS Pandemic by 2030","author":"PEPFAR","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"National AIDS Control Council. Kenya AIDS Strategic Framework II 2020\/21 \u2010 2024\/2025","author":"Kenya Ministry of Health","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"National AIDS & STI Control Program. Private Sector Engagement Framework for Delivery of HIV Services in Kenya 2023\u20132028","author":"Kenya Ministry of Health","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Updated recommendations on service delivery for the treatment and care of people living with HIV","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"HIV Information Note Allocation Period 2023\u20132025","author":"Global Fund","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"PEPFAR 2023 Country and Regional Operational Plan (COP\/ROP) Guidance for all PEPFAR\u2010Supported Countries","author":"PEPFAR","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":". Framework for the Implementation of Pre\u2010exposure Prophylaxis of HIV in Kenya","author":"National AIDS & STI Control Programme, Kenya Ministry of Health","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Pharmacy Board of Kenya.License Status\u2014Facilities Register.Nairobi:PPB;2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.Health and Vital Statistics.Nairobi:Kenya National Bureau of Statistics;2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461\u2010021\u201003229\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26346"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"Kenya National AIDS and STI Control Programme.Kenya National Guidelines for Prevention Management and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections.Nairobi:NASCOP;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"MOSAIC Consortium.Synthesis of Post\u2010Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Policies in MOSAIC Countries (Policy Brief).2022. Accessed 15 September 2024. Available from:https:\/\/www.prepwatch.org\/resources\/synthesis\u2010of\u2010post\u2010exposure\u2010prophylaxis\u2010pep\u2010policies\u2010in\u2010mosaic\u2010countries\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231215151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"AkingbaO BukusiEA CelumCL KatzD KwenaZA LagatH et\u00a0al.Prevalence and correlates ofChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeamong adolescent girls and young women seeking contraception at pharmacies in Kenya (Abstract 573).The 26th Conference of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research; 26\u201330 July 2025;Quebec Canada."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"National Syndemic Diseases Control Council.HIV Estimates.Nairobi:NSDCC;2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Good Pharmacy Practice in Kenya (draft)","author":"Kenya Ministry of Health, Kenya Pharmacy and Poisons Board","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH18090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Kenya HIV Prevention and Treatment Guidelines, 2022","author":"Kenya MOH","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010022\u201007577\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012\u2010017\u20100635\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461\u2010022\u201003796\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(21)00391\u20100"},{"issue":"158","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using developmental evaluation to implement an oral pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) project in Kenya","volume":"4","author":"Fogarty L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gates Open Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(19)30335\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904\u2010024\u201000696\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2017.29.2.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S149416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318278ba1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for HIV post\u2010exposure prophylaxis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.18590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615\u2010023\u201001595\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP\u2010D\u201023\u201000468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","unstructured":"Clinicaltrials.gov.Pharmacy\u2010based PrEP delivery in Kenya (NCT05842122).National Institutes of Health;2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(23)00303\u2010X"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jia2.26467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T05:42:35Z","timestamp":1754372555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jia2.26467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jia2.26467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.26467","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-2652","1758-2652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-2652","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-2652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e26467"}}