{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:01:11Z","timestamp":1787162471446,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2016MC\u20101615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2016MC\u20101615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite global reductions in vertical HIV transmission (VHT), 120,000 children newly acquired HIV in 2023. High maternal viral load (VL) is a major risk factor for VHT. We estimated the impact of point\u2010of\u2010care (PoC) maternal VL testing at delivery in profiling the risk of VHT and its impact on appropriate postnatal prophylaxis for infants born to women living with HIV (WLWH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cluster\u2010randomized LIFE (Long term Impact on inFant hEalth) study was conducted at 28 health facilities in Tanzania and Mozambique from 2019 to 2021. At delivery, the intervention arm applied PoC maternal VL plus clinical criteria for VHT risk assessment, while the control arm used clinical criteria only. In Tanzania, both arms provided ePNP based on maternal risk factors, while Mozambique provided ePNP universally. We used mixed effects logistic regression to estimate the intervention effect on the proportion of infants at high risk (Tanzania and Mozambique) and infants at high risk receiving ePNP (Tanzania only).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 6467 WLWH were enrolled: 66.3% were diagnosed before the third trimester, 99% were on antiretroviral therapy and 78% were virally suppressed at delivery. Of 6564 newborns of WLWH included, 774 (11.7%) were identified to be at a high risk: 629 (19.3%) versus 145 (4.4%) in intervention and control arms, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001. In the intervention arm, 520 (82.7%) infants at high risk were classified only based on maternal PoC VL at delivery. In the control arm, 720 (21.8%) additional infants at high risk would have been identified if their mothers had received PoC VL assessment. In Tanzania, infants at high risk in the intervention arm were significantly more likely to receive ePNP: 59.5% versus 31.4% (OR 4.42, 95% CI: 1.09, 17.89). However, 40.5% from intervention arm and 68.6% from control arm did not receive ePNP despite high\u2010risk classification at delivery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PoC maternal VL testing at delivery significantly increased the proportion of infants identified to be at high risk. Infants at high risk whose mothers received PoC VL at delivery were more often initiated on ePNP. However, the linkage of infants at high risk to appropriate prophylaxis remains suboptimal, warranting consideration of universal ePNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T13:07:19Z","timestamp":1753708039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of point\u2010of\u2010care maternal viral load testing at delivery on vertical HIV transmission risk assessment and neonatal prophylaxis: a cluster randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8011-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anange Fred","family":"Lwilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya Medical Research Center National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)  Mbeya Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Elsbernd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine LMU University Hospital LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Information Processing Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE) Faculty of Medicine LMU Munich Pettenkofer School of Public Health  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriel","family":"Boniface","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya Medical Research Center National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)  Mbeya Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Edom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya Medical Research Center National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)  Mbeya Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlete","family":"Mahumane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bindiya","family":"Meggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6304-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Chris","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Lequechane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4379-2805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kassia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhamo","family":"Chiwerengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya Medical Research Center National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)  Mbeya Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falume","family":"Chale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chishamiso","family":"Mudenyanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dadirayi","family":"Mutsaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine LMU University Hospital LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyanda E.","family":"Ntinginya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya Medical Research Center National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)  Mbeya Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Taveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz (IUEM)  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hoelscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine LMU University Hospital LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Unit Global Health Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilesh","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Kroidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine LMU University Hospital LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issa","family":"Sabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya Medical Research Center National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)  Mbeya Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"and the LIFE Study Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","article-title":"The urgency of now: AIDS at a crossroads","volume":"150","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jt United Nations Program HIV\/AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"daSa\u00fadeM.Relat\u00f3rio Anual 2022.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"UNICEF.The mother of all prevention. 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