{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:14:45Z","timestamp":1789168485201,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since the mid\u20101990s, there have been major advances in diagnosing and providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH) in both resource\u2010rich and resource\u2010limited settings. Initial progress was based on the 1994 landmark perinatal trial, which showed 67% reduction in vertical transmission among infants born to non\u2010breastfeeding mothers in the United States when zidovudine was given during pregnancy, at labour\/delivery and for 6 weeks after birth.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>International perinatal trials began testing \u201cshort\u2010course\u201d zidovudine regimens during late pregnancy and at labour\/delivery to develop cost\u2010effective, feasible and deliverable interventions for low\u2010resource environments. More recent research has focused on the delivery of cost\u2010effective combination triple ART during pregnancy and breastfeeding for WLWH. The latest trial results indicate that providing lifetime maternal ART at the time of antenatal diagnosis improves overall survival and decreases morbidity, while reducing vertical transmission to &lt;1%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Translation of clinical trial results into successful widescale programme implementation remains a major challenge, particularly in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries with high HIV seroprevalence and weak maternal and child health infrastructure. Interventions recommended earlier in the global epidemic are no longer adequate, but key points of the perinatal cascade of services remain crucial to both ensure successful HIV care for WLWH and maximize reductions in vertical transmission. Notable progress made in Botswana and Uganda is valuable to highlight country\u2010led successes. Rapid HIV testing for pregnant women whose status is unknown, followed by immediate implementation of lifetime maternal ART, and linkage to long\u2010term HIV care\/treatment are essential. Counselling on adherence, as well as the use of long\u2010acting ART regimens and holistic support for women's care, including psychosocial support, are also needed. A current major challenge has been the sudden reduction in international donor funding, which has had a significant negative impact on continuity and effective delivery of HIV care\/treatment services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Much progress has been made in advancing HIV interventions and programmes for WLWH and pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. However, several challenges persist, which compromise delivery of effective interventions on the path to eliminate perinatal HIV transmission, and care\/treatment remains suboptimal for WLWH, especially in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.70126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T13:12:54Z","timestamp":1781874774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimizing Identification and Care of Pregnant\/Breastfeeding Women Living With HIV in Resource\u2010Limited Settings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4484-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Glenn","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland 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