{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:10:11Z","timestamp":1789510211944,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304666\/Z\/23\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304666\/Z\/23\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR304311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR304311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite increasing access to HIV treatment and care, HIV\u2010associated deaths remain high. We aimed to summarize global and regional trends in risk and causes of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) admitted to hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic search across eight databases on 23 April 2023, identifying studies that reported cause of hospital admission or death among hospitalized PLHIV from first January 2014 onwards. We extracted data on age, geographical region, type of ward, antiretroviral treatment use, CD4 cell count, risk of death, cause of death and method of ascertainment of cause of death. We grouped studies into mutually exclusive groups: adults in medical wards by world region; adults in intensive care; and children. We used a Bayesian multilevel meta\u2010regression model to pool data on causes of death. We additionally estimated temporal trends in risk of death among hospitalized PLHIV between 2000 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 67 studies (59,013 participants) reporting risk of death among hospitalized PLHIV between 2014 and 2023. The overall risk of in\u2010hospital death was 16% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 8%\u201327%). Mortality risk was highest among adults in Africa (19%, 95% CI: 15%\u201324%) and adults in intensive care units (44%, 95% CI: 34%\u201355%). Among 40 studies reporting cause of death in 6,838 participants, AIDS\u2010related conditions predominated (72% of deaths, 95% CrI: 57%\u201385%), including tuberculosis deaths (27% of deaths, 95% CrI: 15%\u201340%). Bacterial infections were the second leading cause of death (25% of deaths, 95% CrI: 9%\u201347%). There was no strong evidence of risk of death changing between 2000 and 2023 (\u22122.2 percentage point decrease, 95% CrI \u221216.1 to +17.0 percentage points).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite advances in HIV treatment, AIDS\u2010related illnesses and bacterial infections remain the leading causes of in\u2010hospital death among PLHIV. Our analysis reveals that in most regions, the risk of death for hospitalized PLHIV has remained largely unchanged in the past 23 years. These findings underscore the critical need to prioritize high\u2010quality hospital care for opportunistic infections to reduce AIDS\u2010related deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:36:35Z","timestamp":1780990595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cause of Death and Risk of Death for People Living With HIV Admitted to Hospital: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rachael M.","family":"Burke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme  Blantyre 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