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We systematically evaluated the effectiveness of behavioural economics\u2010informed interventions for an STBBI care cascade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched five major literature databases from their inception to 25 April 2024, with the search updated on 22 March 2025. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating behavioural economics\u2010informed interventions, that is strategies such as incentives, defaults, framing and reminders designed to influence health\u2010related decision\u2010making, at any stage of the care cascade for STBBIs. The cascade included three domains: prevention, care engagement and treatment adherence. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB\u20102 tool. Due to significant heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively using a three\u2010stage care cascade framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our search identified 2546 records, of which 40 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and evaluated 12 distinct behavioural economics\u2010informed intervention types. Incentives were the most common intervention, including monetary, lottery and voucher\u2010based incentives (25\/40; 63%). Monetary and voucher incentives effectively improved outcomes across multiple cascade stages, including prevention (such as safer sex, male medical circumcision), care engagement (testing for HIV, HBV and HCV) and treatment adherence (such as retention in care, viral suppression). Opt\u2010out defaults showed strong, sustained effects on HIV\/HCV screening. Pay\u2010it\u2010forward strategies significantly increased dual STBBI testing and often demonstrated cost\u2010effectiveness. A substantial proportion of studies (27\/40; 67.5%) reported a high risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioural economics\u2010informed interventions showed stage\u2010specific effects across the STBBI care cascade. Monetary incentives were the most consistently effective, especially for prevention, testing and some adherence outcomes. Defaults and pay\u2010it\u2010forward were promising for screening uptake, whereas crowdsourcing appeared more useful for intervention design. Overall, effectiveness depended on intervention design and context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioural economics\u2010informed interventions hold substantial promise for optimizing the STBBI care cascade, but no single strategy was universally optimal. Future research should strengthen the evidence base and assess the transferability of these interventions across diseases and context\u2010specific settings to inform wider implementation and maximize global public health impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:57:01Z","timestamp":1786424221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Behavioural Economics\u2010Informed Interventions on the Care Cascade for Sexually Transmitted and Blood\u2010Borne Infections: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I clinical trial research ward The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an People's Republic of 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warittha","family":"Tieosapjaroen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria 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