{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T06:28:46Z","timestamp":1786343326622,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uruguay has one of the highest HIV incidence rates in Latin America, yet its molecular epidemiology remains underexplored. Characterizing the diversity, temporal and geographic dynamics of circulating HIV\u20101 lineages is essential to detect lineage\u2010specific patterns across population groups and regions, inform tailored prevention and surveillance strategies, and understand cross\u2010border connectivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HIV\u20101\n                      <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic>\n                      (PR\/RT) genotyping data from 1268 people living with HIV, generated during 2007\u20132021 through nationwide routine genotyping, were analysed. Viral lineages and recombinants were classified using automated subtyping tools, maximum\u2010likelihood phylogenies and recombination analyses. Associations with demographic and exposure characteristics were evaluated using Z\u2010tests and Fisher's exact tests, and temporal trends were assessed using Pearson correlations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen recognized HIV\u20101 lineages were identified, including four subtypes\/sub\u2010subtypes (B, C, A1 and F1) and twelve circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Subtype B was the most frequent lineage (39.3%), followed by CRFs 12_BF (27.8%) and 38_BF1 (12.9%). An additional 8.5% of sequences formed a well\u2010supported B\/F1 recombinant clade, provisionally designated BF1.UY and not assignable to any known CRF. Temporal analyses showed opposing trends, with a significant decline in subtype B and an increasing contribution of BF1 recombinants within the genotyped dataset. Subtype B was associated with men and transmission among men who have sex with men; 38_BF1 was enriched among women and people reporting injection\u2010related exposures; and BF1.UY predominate in reported heterosexual transmission. Geographic patterns suggested regional connectivity: 12_BF predominated in the West and the Atlantic coastal East, consistent with Argentina\u2010linked border and tourism\u2010related mobility, whereas Brazilian\u2010associated variants (subtype C, 31_BC and F1) were more frequent in the Northeast and East.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Uruguay, HIV\u20101 molecular diversity was largely shaped by sustained circulation of subtype B and BF1 recombinants, which showed distinct associations with gender, transmission\u2010route category and geography. These lineage\u2010specific patterns are consistent with partially overlapping transmission networks among Uruguayan subpopulations and viral exchange across border areas. The growing contribution of BF1 recombinants within the genotyped dataset, together with geographically structured diversity in areas connected to Argentina and Brazil, highlights the need for sustained molecular surveillance integrated with epidemiological data and regional collaboration to track HIV\u20101 diversification and spread.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T06:39:34Z","timestamp":1785047974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of HIV\u20101 in Uruguay (2007\u20132021): Lineage Diversity, BF1 Recombinant Complexity and Epidemiological Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Agustina A.","family":"Podchibiakin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica \u2013 CENUR Litoral Norte, Department of Biological Sciences Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit Salto Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Flieller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health, Department of Public Health Laboratories Virology Unit  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Ruchansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health, Department of Public Health Laboratories Virology Unit  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Brasesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health, Department of Public Health Laboratories Virology Unit  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria N.","family":"Cortinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health, Department of Public Health Laboratories Genomics Unit  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Lizasoain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica \u2013 CENUR Litoral Norte, Department of Biological Sciences Molecular Virology Laboratory Salto Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Chiparelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health, Department of Public Health Laboratories Virology Unit  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Faculty of Medicine Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Virus Laboratory  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica \u2013 CENUR Litoral Norte, Department of Biological Sciences Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory Salto Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3172-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiana","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica \u2013 CENUR Litoral Norte, Department of Biological Sciences Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit Salto Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/9789211544350"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/25787489.2024.2403955"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Mobility and Stability\u2014Advancing the Health and Rights of Migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica (Uruguay) Censo2023: Cifras de Uruguay. 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