{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:45:54Z","timestamp":1791783954151,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int AIDS Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), in 2020, funded six implementation research trials in Africa (Botswana, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia) to test implementation strategies for integrating evidence\u2010based cardiovascular disease (CVD) care into primary care for people living with HIV. We identified cross\u2010site implementation strategies used by the six trials to integrate CVD care for people living with HIV in these diverse settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between December 2022 and September 2023, we reviewed protocols for each trial and followed up with study teams from the six studies to identify implementation strategies targeting the individual (healthcare worker [HCW] and patient), facility and system levels. Guided by the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC)\u00a0taxonomy of implementation strategies, we grouped and defined strategies used for each study. We then specified each strategy (i.e. actor, the action, action targets, temporality, dose, implementation outcomes addressed and theoretical justification) to understand similarities and differences in how cross\u2010cutting implementation strategies were operationalized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten implementation strategies were identified across the six trials for integrating hypertension (six studies) and diabetes (one study) care into existing HIV primary healthcare platforms. Three strategies, HCW training, audit and feedback, and practice facilitation or coaching, were implemented in all trials. Function and form synthesis showed that while these strategies shared the common goal of improving provider capacity and quality of care, their delivery varied across settings. HCW training was adapted in duration, frequency and trainer type; audit and feedback processes differed in how data were used and integrated with district quality improvement structures; and practice facilitation approaches ranged from study\u2010led to health system\u2010led models. These adaptations reflected contextual differences in health system capacity and available resources while maintaining a shared focus on strengthening HIV\u2010CVD service integration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the increasing burden of CVD among people living with HIV, identifying implementation strategies for integrating CVD care into HIV primary healthcare is critical. Our study provides contextually relevant information on cross\u2010site implementation strategies aimed at achieving this in six African countries. The findings underscore the necessity of strategies that extend beyond conventional training, highlighting coaching, facilitation and developing data systems as central to approaches to improve integrated CVD care for people living with HIV in low\u2010resource settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.70162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:14:59Z","timestamp":1791526499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross\u2010Cutting Implementation Strategies to Integrate Hypertension Care Into HIV Care in Africa: Results From Six Country Studies in the HLB\u2010SIMPLe Alliance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Aifah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Global Health; Department of Population Health &amp; Institute for Excellence in Health Equity NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel K.","family":"Tetteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bursky School of Public Health Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5491-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla I.","family":"Galaviz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Science Indiana University School of Public Health \u2010 Bloomington  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3629-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Herce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implementation Science Department Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)  Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2958-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norberto","family":"Lumbandali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Vila de Marracuene  Prov\u00edncia de Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4216-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Muddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University Joint AIDS Program (MJAP)  Makerere Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4355-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Hirschhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences and the Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Global HIV & AIDS Statistics\u2014 Fact sheet | UNAIDS https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact\u2010sheet(accessed March 4 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7212e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010022\u201014091\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002446"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"2025 Global AIDS Update \u2014 AIDS Crisis and the Power to Transform | UNAIDS https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2025\/2025\u2010global\u2010aids\u2010update(accessed June 4 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201067703\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001885"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102020\u2010004669"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph\u20102023\u2010000153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)31070\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058\u2010024\u201000599\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12901"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981\u2010021\u201000387\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003836"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012\u2010015\u20100209\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748\u20105908\u20108\u2010139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010018\u20104818\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058\u2010024\u201000640\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063\u2010024\u201008333\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058\u2010024\u201000564\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012\u2010023\u201001272\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058\u2010024\u201000601\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010025\u201013281\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.886"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(11)70145\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.5839"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012\u2010020\u20100975\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217617"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058\u2010022\u201000358\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1370"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001895"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2017.1344350"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jia2.70162","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jia2.70162","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jia2.70162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:11:53Z","timestamp":1791781913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jia2.70162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jia2.70162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.70162","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-2652","1758-2652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-2652","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-2652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70162"}}