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Expanding and solidifying the role of the academic in public\u2013private partnerships (PPPs) may present an innovative solution to help overcome these complexities. This narrative review explores the literature on traditional and novel collaborative approaches to medicine development for rare diseases and analyzes examples of PPPs, with a specific focus on IEMs. Several academic institutions have introduced guidelines for socially responsible licensing of innovations for private development. The PPP model offers a more integrative approach toward academic involvement of medicine development. By sharing risks and rewards, failures in the translational stage can be mutually absorbed. If socially responsible terms are not included, however, high pricing can impede patient access. Therefore, we propose a framework for socially responsible PPPs aimed at medicine development for metabolic disorders. This socially responsible PPP framework could stimulate successful and accessible medicine development for IEMs as well as other rare diseases if the establishment of such collaborations includes terms securing joint data ownership and evidence generation, fast access, and socially responsible pricing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T09:14:49Z","timestamp":1679303689000},"page":"806-816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of medicines for rare diseases and inborn errors of metabolism: Toward novel public\u2013private partnerships"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9586-6135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noa","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines for Society (Medicijn voor de Maatschappij), Platform at Amsterdam UMC \u2010 University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Expertise Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, MetabERN, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina N.","family":"Stolwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines for Society (Medicijn voor de Maatschappij), Platform at Amsterdam UMC \u2010 University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Expertise Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, MetabERN, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8908-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibren","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines for Society (Medicijn voor de Maatschappij), Platform at Amsterdam UMC \u2010 University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Expertise Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, MetabERN, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris J.","family":"Heus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation eXchange Amsterdam (IXA) Office Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"van der Wel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines for Society (Medicijn voor de Maatschappij), Platform at Amsterdam UMC \u2010 University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Orfenix B.V.  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