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Key to ongoing gNBS pilot studies is the selection of target diseases and associated genes to be included. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of seven published gene\u2013disease lists from gNBS studies, evaluating gene\u2013disease count, composition, group proportions, and ClinGen curations of individual disorders. Despite shared selection criteria, we observe substantial variation in total gene count (median 480, range 237\u2013889) and disease group composition. An intersection was identified for 53 genes, primarily inherited metabolic diseases (83%, 44\/53). Each study investigated a subset of exclusive gene\u2013disease pairs, and the total number of exclusive gene\u2013disease pairs was positively correlated with the total number of genes included per study. While most pairs receive \u201cDefinitive\u201d or \u201cStrong\u201d ClinGen classifications, some are labeled as \u201cRefuted\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) or \u201cDisputed\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928), particularly in genetic cardiac diseases. Importantly, 17%\u201348% of genes lack ClinGen curation. This study underscores the current absence of consensus recommendations for selection criteria for target diseases for gNBS resulting in diversity in proposed gene\u2013disease pairs, their coupling with gene variations and the use of ClinGen curation. Our findings provide crucial insights into the selection of target diseases and accompanying gene variations for future gNBS program, emphasizing the necessity for ongoing collaboration and discussion about criteria harmonization for panel selection to ensure the screening's objectivity, integrity, and broad acceptance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T04:30:31Z","timestamp":1715920231000},"page":"945-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comparative analysis of gene and disease selection in genomic newborn screening studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Isabel R.","family":"Betzler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Hempel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"M\u00fctze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"K\u00f6lker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Translational Medical Ethics, National Center for Tumour Diseases Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Dikow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven F.","family":"Garbade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian P.","family":"Schaaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6909-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"Brennenstuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics Heidelberg University and University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436\u2010020\u201000971\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25233"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12508"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020\u20100444"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss der \u00c4rzte und Krankenkassen.Richtlinie \u00fcber die Fr\u00fcherkennung von Krankheiten bei Kindern (Kinder\u2010Richtlinie).2011. 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