{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T04:35:52Z","timestamp":1784262952528,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glomerulonephritis (GN), an important pathologic feature of many renal diseases, is frequently characterized by mesangial cell proliferation. We and others have previously shown that the TAM family receptor tyrosine kinases Axl, Mer, and Tyro-3 contribute to cell survival, proliferation, migration, and clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs); that Axl contributes to GN by promoting mesangial cell proliferation; and that small molecule inhibition of Axl ameliorates nephrotoxic serum-induced GN in mice. We now show that stimulation of renal mesangial cell Axl causes a modest increase in intracellular Ca2+ and activates NF-\u03baB, mTOR, and the mTOR-containing mTORC1 complex, which phosphorylates the ribosomal protein S6. Axl-induction of Akt activation is upstream of NF-\u03baB and mTOR activation, which are mutually codependent. Axl-induced NF-\u03baB activation leads to Bcl-xl up-regulation. Axl is more important than Mer at mediating AC phagocytosis by mesangial cells, but less important than Mer at mediating phagocytosis of ACs by peritoneal macrophages. Taken together, our data suggest the possibility that Axl mediates mesangial cell phagocytosis of ACs and promotes mesangial cell proliferation by activating NF-\u03baB and mTORC1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.2a1220-850rrr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T14:19:36Z","timestamp":1625408376000},"page":"563-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Akt\u2013mTORC1 pathway mediates Axl receptor tyrosine kinase-induced mesangial cell proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Zhen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L","family":"McGaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess 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