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Although the overall survival rate of APL patients has improved dramatically due to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, ATRA-resistance remains a clinical challenge in the management of APL. Therefore, alternative agents should be considered for ATRA-resistant APL patients. Here, we report that antimalaria drug primaquine phosphate (PRQ) exhibits an anti-leukemia effect on both ATRA-sensitive cell line NB4 and ATRA-resistant APL cell lines, NB4-LR2, NB4-LR1, and NB4-MR2. Moreover, PRQ significantly inhibited primary colony formation of untreated or relapsed APL patients. Further study showed that PRQ could induce the apoptosis of APL cells by inhibiting NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. The in vivo study showed that PRQ significantly inhibited NB4-LR2 xenograft tumors growth. These results suggest that PRQ is a potential therapeutic agent for ATRA-resistant APL patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.3a0120-061rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T12:11:11Z","timestamp":1583237471000},"page":"685-693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Primaquine phosphate induces the apoptosis of ATRA-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia cells by inhibition of the NF-\u03baB pathway"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianjuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, 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