{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:17:36Z","timestamp":1778545056482,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Ascitic neutrophils from cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) exhibit an impaired oxidative burst that could facilitate bacterial infection. However, the influence of the cell-free ascitic fluid of these patients on neutrophil function has not been investigated. To analyze this influence, we determined the ascitic levels of cytokines, resistin, and lactoferrin and their association with neutrophil function, disease severity score, and SBP resolution. We analyzed NETosis induction by microscopy and oxidative burst by the flow cytometry of healthy neutrophils cultured in ascitic fluid from cirrhotic patients with sterile ascites (SA) and with SBP before and after antibiotic treatment. Resistin, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1\u03b2, and lactoferrin levels were measured in ascitic fluids and supernatants of cultured neutrophils and PBMCs by ELISA. Upon stimulation, healthy neutrophils cultured in SBP ascitic fluid produced lower NETosis and oxidative burst than those cultured in SA. Ascitic resistin levels were negatively correlated with NETosis, oxidative burst, and ascitic glucose levels; and positively correlated with the model for end-stage liver disease score. After an E. coli or TNF-\u03b1 stimulus, neutrophils were the major resistin producers. Resistin indirectly reduced the oxidative burst of neutrophils and directly reduced the inflammatory phenotype of monocytes and TNF-\u03b1 production. Bacterial-induced resistin production can down-regulate the inflammatory response of macrophages and neutrophil function in ascitic fluid. Consequently, this down-regulation may jeopardize the elimination of bacteria that translocate to ascitic fluid in patients with cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Downregulation of the immune response of ascitic cells from cirrhotic patients can be induced by the content of ascitic fluid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.3a0218-072r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1527774259000},"page":"833-841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ascitic fluid regulates the local innate immune response of patients with cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Juan C","family":"Nieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00eddia","family":"Perea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, 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Spain"},{"name":"CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Escola Universit\u00e0ria d'Infermeria EUI-Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e0","family":"Juli\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Gely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edilmar A","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Guarner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1ndido","family":"Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032406114711500_jlb10176-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300779","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: recent guidelines and beyond","volume":"61","author":"Wiest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl 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