{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:43:50Z","timestamp":1761709430991},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]],"date-time":"1991-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":667785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The ability of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) to attract lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in vitro was examined. Utilizing modified Boyden chambers (BC), it was observed that TNF-\u03b1 is not chemoattractant for LAK cells. On the other hand, TNF-\u03b1 attracted both fresh and concanavalin A-activated T cells. However, when TNF-\u03b1 was incubated in the upper compartments of BC and in the presence of LAK cells, it enhanced the random movement of these cells across the polycarbonate membranes. The effect of TNF-\u03b1 was inhibited by incorporating anti-TNF-\u03b1 antibody, or a high concentration (10 ng) of TFG-\u03b21. The activity of TGF-\u03b21 was reversed by anti-TGF-\u03b21 antibody. Cholera toxin (CT), which is known to activate the endogenous level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) also inhibited TNF-\u03b1-induced LAK cell chemokinesis. The effect of CT was mimicked by the cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP or by the phosphodiesterase inhibitors isobutyl methylxanthine or aminophylline. Measurement of the intracellular level of cAMP showed that cells incubated for 1,2, or 4 hr with TNF-\u03b1 have a lower level of cAMP, whereas those incubated with a high concentration of TGF-\u03b21 produced significantly higher levels of this messenger. cAMP level was also increased in cells incubated with TGF-\u03b21 plus TNF-\u03b1. This level was reduced to the background when anti-TGF-\u03b21 antibody was added to the cultures. These results suggest that cAMP negatively regulates LAK cell chemokinesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.49.3.302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T19:50:34Z","timestamp":1515786634000},"page":"302-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Is Chemokinetic for Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells: Regulation by Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Azzam A","family":"Maghazachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunology Section, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Leukocyte Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjlb.49.3.302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/49\/3\/302\/49767329\/jlb0302.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/49\/3\/302\/49767329\/jlb0302.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T09:56:00Z","timestamp":1681206960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article\/49\/3\/302\/6977564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jlb.49.3.302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-5400","1938-3673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-5400","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-3673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,3,1]]}}}