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Innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages constitute a large part of the decidual leukocyte population at the maternal\u2013fetal interface, playing an important role in placental development and as such in fetal growth and development. In this study, we hypothesized that training the innate immune cells before pregnancy could have an impact on pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, we used CBA\/J x DBA\/2 mouse model to investigate pregnancy outcomes and leukocyte population at the maternal\u2013fetal interface. Although we were not able to show a beneficial effect of LPS-tolerogenic training on fetal resorption, Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) training, known to prime innate immune cells to be proinflammatory, led to fetal growth restriction, without aggravating the fetal resorption rate. We also found that BCG training led to less NK cells and macrophages at the maternal\u2013fetal interface at the early stage of placentation (E9.5), associated with a down-regulation of Ccr3 and Lif mRNA expression. This induced altered leucocyte population profile can be an explanation for the subsequent fetal growth restriction. These data suggest that preconceptional infections-induced trained immunity could influence pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.4a0720-458rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T12:28:28Z","timestamp":1631881708000},"page":"1009-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["BCG-trained innate immunity leads to fetal growth restriction by altering immune cell profile in the mouse developing placenta"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Yipu","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Souchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Moresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Jeljeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d'immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Paris Centre , F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Raquillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Nicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Chouzenoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Lagoutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Marcellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Gyn\u00e9cologie Obst\u00e9trique II et M\u00e9decine de la Reproduction, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Paris Centre , F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Batteux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d'immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Paris Centre , F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludivine","family":"Doridot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS , F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032109033341100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.04.006","article-title":"Trained immunity: a memory for innate host defense","volume":"9","author":"Netea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host 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