{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:20:30Z","timestamp":1780582830581,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":479,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trained immunity is a de facto memory of innate immune cells, resulting in a long-term increase in innate host defense mechanisms after infection. The long-term heterologous protection conferred by trained immunity is mediated through epigenetic and functional reprogramming of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Because the spleen is a reservoir of undifferentiated monocytes and is considered the prime organ for extramedullary hematopoiesis, we investigated the role of the spleen in the establishment of trained immunity. A \u03b2-glucan-induced trained immunity mouse model was performed in previously sham-operated or splenectomized animals. Removal of the spleen did not modulate the proinflammatory cytokine production of in vivo trained peritoneal cells, nor did it ablate the increased percentage of proinflammatory circulatory monocytes and natural killer cells seen in trained animals. However, spleen removal prevented neutrophilia, an important characteristic of trained immunity. These data point to a limited role of the spleen in trained immunity. The pathophysiologic relevance of the spleen in the induction of neutrophilia during trained immunity remains to be fully explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.4hi0221-106rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T18:27:01Z","timestamp":1633112821000},"page":"9-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Limited role of the spleen in a mouse model of trained immunity: Impact on neutrophilia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Ana\u00edsa V","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc , Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto , 4050-313, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rienke F","family":"Uijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc , Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Bulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc , Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marien I","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc , Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc , Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc , Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032109095891500_","first-page":"1","article-title":"Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease","author":"Netea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.06.006","article-title":"Candida albicans infection affords protection against reinfection via functional reprogramming of monocytes","volume":"12","author":"Quintin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1098","article-title":"Trained immunity: a program of innate immune memory in health and disease","volume":"352","author":"Netea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.11.034","article-title":"Modulation of myelopoiesis progenitors is an integral component of trained immunity","volume":"172","author":"Mitroulis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.031","article-title":"BCG educates hematopoietic stem cells to generate protective innate immunity against tuberculosis","volume":"172","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.05.014","article-title":"Human BCG vaccination in humans elicits trained immunity via the hematopoietic progenitor compartment","volume":"28","author":"Cirovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175202","article-title":"Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites","volume":"325","author":"Swirski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.061986","article-title":"Extramedullary hematopoiesis generates Ly-6C high monocytes that infiltrate atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"125","author":"Robbins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.05.009","article-title":"Inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes protect against candidiasis through IL-15-driven NK cell\/neutrophil activation","volume":"46","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Andr\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250684","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1250684","article-title":"MTOR- and HIF-1\u03b1-mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity","volume":"345","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2017.13","article-title":"Evaluation of trained immunity by \u03b2-1, 3(d)-glucan on murine monocytes in vitro and duration of response in vivo","volume":"95","author":"Garcia-Valtanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2008.14","article-title":"Monocyte-derived dendritic cells in innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"86","author":"Le\u00f3n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20010938","article-title":"Reciprocal activating interaction between natural killer cells and dendritic cells","volume":"195","author":"Gerosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/nri956","article-title":"Natural killer cells and dendritic cells: rendezvous in abused tissues","volume":"2","author":"Moretta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000184758.07257.88","article-title":"Trichostatin A exacerbates atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07665","article-title":"Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells","volume":"457","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12718","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells mediate tolerance induction in autoimmune disease","volume":"151","author":"Wegner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108387","article-title":"BCG vaccination induces long-term functional reprogramming of human neutrophils","volume":"33","author":"Moorlag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12469","article-title":"Human spleen microanatomy: why mice do not suffice","volume":"145","author":"Steiniger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2023032109095891500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.058","article-title":"Innate immune training of granulopoiesis promotes anti-tumor activity","volume":"183","author":"Kalafati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Journal of Leukocyte Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/JLB.4HI0221-106RR","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/JLB.4HI0221-106RR","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/111\/1\/9\/49469877\/jlb11008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/111\/1\/9\/49469877\/jlb11008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T21:52:28Z","timestamp":1699566748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article\/111\/1\/9\/6885193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jlb.4hi0221-106rr","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-5400","1938-3673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-5400","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-3673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}