{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:06:27Z","timestamp":1781939187596,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01EO0803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EO0803"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01GL1746A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1746A"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research","award":["535 01EK1602A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["535 01EK1602A"]}]},{"name":"German Research Council","award":["SFB\/TRR167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB\/TRR167"]}]},{"name":"German Research Council","award":["HE3127\/9-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE3127\/9-1"]}]},{"name":"German Research Council","award":["HE3127\/12-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE3127\/12-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the healthy brain, microglia and other CNS macrophages are the most abundant immune cell type. Thus, they form the natural immune cell interface with streptococci, which are the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and encephalitis in infants and young children. In homeostasis, the blood\u2013brain barrier allows for very limited access of immune cells circulating in the periphery. During bacterial meningoencephalitis, however, origin and fate of CNS macrophages are massively altered. This review summarizes the emerging knowledge on the sequence of reciprocal events between streptococci and CNS macrophages leading to host resistance, acute inflammation, changes in resident innate immune cells of the brain, and long-term neuronal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.4mr1118-419r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T15:48:45Z","timestamp":1550159325000},"page":"209-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The role of CNS macrophages in streptococcal meningoencephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Vitka","family":"Gres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kolter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Erny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Henneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032406362097700_jlb10329-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758524","article-title":"Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction?","volume":"117","author":"Lockhart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023032406362097700_jlb10329-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9107-4","article-title":"Role of microglial activation in the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis?","volume":"53","author":"Barichello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2023032406362097700_jlb10329-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.08.003","article-title":"Microglia plasticity during health and disease: an immunological perspective?","volume":"36","author":"Shemer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2023032406362097700_jlb10329-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00113-3","article-title":"Microglia derive from progenitors, originating from the yolk sac, and which proliferate in the brain?","volume":"117","author":"Alliot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res."},{"key":"2023032406362097700_jlb10329-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3318","article-title":"Microglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu.1- and Irf8-dependent pathways?","volume":"16","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2023032406362097700_jlb10329-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","article-title":"Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages?","volume":"330","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023032406362097700_jlb10329-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219179","article-title":"A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells?","volume":"336","author":"Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023032406362097700_jlb10329-cit-0008","first-page":"300","article-title":"Microglia and brain macrophages in the molecular age: from origin to neuropsychiatric disease. 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