{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:31:50Z","timestamp":1775802710552,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in infant immune ontogeny is unknown. Here, we evaluated MDSC frequency and relationship with infant vaccine responses throughout the first year of life in a prospective cohort study. Ninety-one South African infant-mother pairs were enrolled at delivery, and blood samples were collected at 0, 6, 10, and 14\u00a0weeks, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year. MDSC frequencies were quantified, and immune responses to the childhood vaccines Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG), hepatitis B (HepB), and combination diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (dTaP) were measured by Ag-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3) production. Vaccine-specific Ab responses to HepB, dTaP, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were quantified via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MDSC frequency in mother-infant pairs was strongly correlated; the frequency of MDSC decreased in both mothers and infants during the months after delivery\/birth; and by 1 year, infant MDSC frequencies rebounded to birth levels. Higher MDSC frequency at vaccination was associated with a lack of subsequent IFN-\u03b3 release in response to vaccine Ags, with the exception of BCG. With the exception of a weak, positive correlation between MDSC frequency at 6 weeks (time of initial vaccination) and peak Hepatitis B surface antigen Ab titer, Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (PMN-MDSC) was not correlated with T cell proliferation or Ab responses in this study. The potential for MDSC-mediated suppression of vaccine Ag-specific IFN-\u03b3 responses should be explored further, and considered when evaluating candidate infant vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.5a0420-281r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:51:24Z","timestamp":1611276684000},"page":"939-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their association with vaccine immunogenicity in South African infants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Elvis","family":"Kidzeru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie A","family":"Gasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danica","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul T","family":"Edlefsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Lejarcegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Department of Global Health , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enock","family":"Havyarimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Urdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soren","family":"Gantt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Department of Pediatrics and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Department of Global Health , Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Jansen Pharmaceuticals , Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Jaspan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"University of Washington Department of Global Health , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gervassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032108464140200_","volume-title":"Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report 2018","author":"IGME (UN Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation)","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023032108464140200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2506","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system","volume":"9","author":"Gabrilovich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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