{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:37:43Z","timestamp":1789385863629,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Division of Clinical and Translational Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Tracheitis secondary to placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) is characterized by neutrophil accumulation in the tracheal lumen, which is generally associated with epithelial damage. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), has been implicated in systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction following trauma; however, less is known about the effects of a foreign body on local trauma and tissue damage. We hypothesized that tracheal damage secondary to the ETT will result in local release of mtDNA at sufficient levels to induce TLR9 and NF-\u03baB activation. In a swine model we compared the differences between uncoated, and chloroquine (CQ) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) coated ETTs as measured by tracheal lavage fluids (TLF) over a period of 6 h. The swine model allowed us to recreate human conditions. ETT presence was characterized by neutrophil activation, necrosis, and release of proinflammatory cytokines mediated by TLR9\/NF-\u03baB induction. Amelioration of the tracheal damage was observed in the CQ and NAC coated ETT group as shown in tracheal tissue specimens and TLF. The role of TLR9\/NF-\u03baB dependent activity was confirmed by HEK-Blue hTLR9 reporter cell line analysis after coincubation with TLF specimens with predetermined concentrations of NAC or CQ alone or TLR9 inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotide (iODN). These findings indicate that therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing mtDNA\/TLR9\/NF-\u03baB activity may have benefits in prevention of acute tracheal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.5a0718-254rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T22:12:47Z","timestamp":1544739167000},"page":"577-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Endotracheal intubation results in acute tracheal damage induced by mtDNA\/TLR9\/NF-\u03baB activity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Carlos A","family":"Puyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Earhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Staten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver A","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Kollef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032406192981400_jlb10288-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1999.00780.x","article-title":"Postoperative sore throat: cause, prevention and 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