{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:22:16Z","timestamp":1790266936994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"the Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a T-cell driven inflammatory disease characterized by granuloma formation. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs)\u2014macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs)\u2014are likely critical in sarcoidosis as they initiate and maintain T cell activation and contribute to granuloma formation by cytokine production. Granulomas manifest primarily in lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes (LLNs) but these compartments are less studied compared to blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Sarcoidosis can present with an acute onset (usually L\u00f6fgren\u2019s syndrome (LS)) or a gradual onset (non-LS). LS patients typically recover within 2 years while 60% of non-LS patients maintain granulomas for up to 5 years. Here, four LS and seven non-LS patients underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). From each patient, blood, BAL, endobronchial biopsies (EBBs), and LLN samples obtained by EBUS-TBNA were collected and MNPs characterized using multicolor flow cytometry. Six MNP subsets were identified at varying frequencies in the anatomical compartments investigated. Importantly, monocytes and DCs were most mature with migratory potential in BAL and EBBs but not in the LLNs suggesting heterogeneity in MNPs in the compartments typically affected in sarcoidosis. Additionally, in LS patients, frequencies of DC subsets were lower or lacking in LLNs and EBBs, respectively, compared to non-LS patients that may be related to the disease outcome. Our work provides a foundation for future investigations of MNPs in sarcoidosis to identify immune profiles of patients at risk of developing severe disease with the aim to provide early treatment to slow down disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.5a0718-280rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T16:49:19Z","timestamp":1549903759000},"page":"797-807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Mapping mononuclear phagocytes in blood, lungs, and lymph nodes of sarcoidosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Rico","family":"Lepzien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid","family":"Pourazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ala","family":"Muala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Grunewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Smed-S\u00f6rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60680-7","article-title":"Sarcoidosis?","volume":"383","author":"Valeyre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071714","article-title":"Sarcoidosis?","volume":"357","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0003","first-page":"142","article-title":"Aspects on the alveolar accumulation of T cells in sarcoidosis?","volume":"9","author":"Grunewald","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2012.03.018","article-title":"Pathogenesis of sarcoidosis?","volume":"41","author":"Muller-Quernheim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0005","first-page":"e55222","article-title":"Human lung dendritic cells: Spatial distribution and phenotypic identification in endobronchial biopsies using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry?","volume":"119","author":"Baharom","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600071","article-title":"Dendritic cells and monocytes with distinct inflammatory responses reside in lung mucosa of healthy humans?","volume":"196","author":"Baharom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J 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sarcoidosis\u2013indication for an airborne antigen as the triggering factor in sarcoidosis?","volume":"272","author":"Darlington","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2013.12.003","article-title":"Relationship between the ratios of CD4\/CD8 T-lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lymph nodes in patients with sarcoidosis?","volume":"52","author":"Oda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d02.x","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG statement on sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Statement Committee. American Thoracic Society. European Respiratory Society. World Association for Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders?","volume":"14","author":"Costabel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00449-4","article-title":"Dendritic cells: specialized and regulated antigen processing machines?","volume":"106","author":"Mellman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.5.97-02050","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: TNF-alpha release from alveolar macrophages and serum level of sIL-2R are prognostic markers?","volume":"156","author":"Ziegenhagen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.04046.x","article-title":"Functional analysis of dendritic cell-T cell interaction in sarcoidosis?","volume":"159","author":"Kulakova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.746","article-title":"The anergic state in sarcoidosis is associated with diminished dendritic cell function?","volume":"181","author":"Mathew","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0028","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evidence for local dendritic cell activation in pulmonary sarcoidosis?","volume":"13","author":"Ten Berge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1376OC","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of mononuclear phagocytes in nondiseased human lung and lung-draining lymph nodes?","volume":"193","author":"Desch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.08.006","article-title":"Human dermal CD14(+) cells are a transient population of monocyte-derived macrophages?","volume":"41","author":"McGovern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206578","article-title":"Synovial CD4+ T-cell-derived GM-CSF supports the differentiation of an inflammatory dendritic cell population in rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"75","author":"Reynolds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00092-2016","article-title":"Expanded lung T-bet+RORgammaT+ CD4+ T-cells in sarcoidosis patients with a favourable disease phenotype?","volume":"48","author":"Kaiser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200303-456OC","article-title":"C-C chemokine receptor 2 and sarcoidosis: association with Lofgren\u2019s syndrome?","volume":"168","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.01984.x","article-title":"A common haplotype of the C-C chemokine receptor 2 gene and HLA-DRB1*0301 are independent genetic risk factors for Lofgren\u2019s syndrome?","volume":"264","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.054","article-title":"DNA damage signaling instructs polyploid macrophage fate in granulomas?","volume":"167","author":"Herrtwich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.5.1655","article-title":"Interferon alpha increases the frequency of interferon gamma-producing human CD4+ T cells?","volume":"178","author":"Brinkmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01124-2017","article-title":"Increased T helper 17.1 cells in sarcoidosis mediastinal lymph nodes?","volume":"51","author":"Broos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2023032406193081400_jlb10335-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.5.825","article-title":"Selective expression of an interleukin-12 receptor component by human T helper 1 cells?","volume":"185","author":"Rogge","year":"1997","journal-title":"J 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