{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:49:35Z","timestamp":1790822975433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA025836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA025836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA220284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA220284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EB029752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EB029752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Labelled Comp Radiopharmac"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Copper\u2010mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination using boronic precursors is a promising, general method to label aromatic compounds with [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluoride. However, in various reports, large amounts of precursor (60\u2009\u03bcmol) were needed to achieve high radiochemical conversions (RCCs), which is neither ideal nor practical for the preparation of <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F radiopharmaceuticals. To investigate this matter, we studied alcohol\u2010enhanced Cu\u2010mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination using a variety of model reactions in which we varied the concentration of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluoride (no carrier added or isotope diluted) and the amount of precursor, base, and Cu(OTF)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(Py)<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. We found that lower amounts of precursors (e.g., 15\u2009\u03bcmol) could be used and that the amount of base (e.g., K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> or KHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) played a critical and limiting role in the labeling reactions. Greater than one\u2010equivalent of base and sufficient amounts of precursors and Cu(OTf)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(Py)<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> were required to achieve good to high RCCs. The RCCs were also dependent on the overall concentration of the labeling reactions, with low reaction volumes and high concentrations of reagents being preferred. Our findings will help to improve the design of radiolabeling protocols using alcohol\u2010enhanced copper\u2010mediated radiofluorination of boronic precursors for the preparation of <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F labeled radiopharmaceuticals and other radiohalogen\u2010labeled compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.3955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T19:30:46Z","timestamp":1633721446000},"page":"13-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Exploration of alcohol\u2010enhanced Cu\u2010mediated radiofluorination toward practical labeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6707-4878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Katzenellenbogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Champaign Illinois 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