{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:10:00Z","timestamp":1788912600859,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,8]],"date-time":"2004-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1089244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pancreatic development and the relationship of the islets with the pancreatic, hepatic, and bile ducts were studied in the Nile tilapia, <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>, from hatching to the onset of maturity at 7 months. The number of islets formed during development was counted, using either serial sections or dithizone staining of isolated islets. There was a general increase in islet number with both age and size. Tilapia housed in individual tanks grew more quickly and had more islets than siblings of the same age left in crowded conditions. The pancreas is a compact organ in early development, and at 1 day posthatch (dph) a single principal islet, positive for all hormones tested (insulin, SST\u201014, SST\u201028, glucagon, and PYY), is partially surrounded by exocrine pancreas. However, the exocrine pancreas becomes more disseminated in older fish, following blood vessels along the mesenteries and entering the liver to form a hepatopancreas. The epithelium of the pancreatic duct system from the intercalated ducts to the main duct entering the duodenum was positive for glucagon and SST\u201014 in 8 and 16 dph tilapia. Individual insulin\u2010immunopositive cells were found in one specimen. At this early stage in development, therefore, the pancreatic duct epithelial cells appear to be pluripotent and may give rise to the small islets found near the pancreatic ducts in 16\u201337 dph tilapia. Glucagon, SST\u201014, and some PPY\u2010positive enteroendocrine cells were present in the intestine of the 8 dph larva and in the first part of the intestine of the 16 dph juvenile. Glucagon and SST\u201014\u2010positive inclusions were found in the apical cytoplasm of the mid\u2010gut epithelium of the 16 dph tilapia. These hormones may have been absorbed from the gut lumen, since they are produced in both the pancreatic ducts and the enteroendocrine cells. At least three hepatic ducts join the cystic duct to form the bile duct, which runs alongside the pancreatic duct to the duodenum. J. Morphol. 261:377\u2013389, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,8]],"date-time":"2004-07-08T20:02:00Z","timestamp":1089316920000},"page":"377-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Development of the islets, exocrine pancreas, and related ducts in the Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i> (Pisces: Cichlidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Carol M.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Pohajdak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James R.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00306117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(99)00151-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(02)00190-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(90)90050-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(94)00161-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1118-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0240297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.6.7567"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Pancreatic islet transplantation","author":"Bretel RG","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Structure of gall bladder in some freshwater teleosts","volume":"87","author":"Chakrabarte J","year":"1973","journal-title":"Z Mikfosk Anat Forsch"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(97)01430-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194662"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Fish physiology VIII. 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