{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:17:22Z","timestamp":1791285442616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,6]],"date-time":"2005-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10598,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The functional anatomy of the hindlimb of 12 species of viverrids was studied with relation to locomotion. The animals were allocated to primary locomotor categories on the basis of their anatomy and locomotion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The climbing, arboreal walking category (\n                    <jats:italic>Nandinia binotata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is characterized by a small sacroiliac articulation, the iliopsoas inserts onto a medially located lesser trochanter and the femoral condyles are not posteriorly placed. The hindfoot is plantigrade and its structure permits considerable movement. The pads are soft and the claws retractile.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Representatives of the arboreal and terrestrial walking and jumping category (\n                    <jats:italic>Genetta genetta, G. servalina, G. tigrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) have a plantigrade forefoot and digitigrade hindfoot. The lesser trochanter is more posteriorly placed than in the climbing category. A previously undescribed muscle, the caudofemoralis profundus extends from several anterior caudal vertebrae to the femur. The tibio\u2010astragular joint restricts supination of the foot. There is little mediolateral movement in the digitigrade foot. The claws are retractile.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the general terrestrial walking and scrambling group (\n                    <jats:italic>Helogale parvula, Mungos mungo, Atilax paludinosus, Bdeogale crassicauda, Herpestes ichneumon, H. sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) the animals have essentially similar hindlimbs except for size differences and modifications to the feet.\n                    <jats:italic>Helogale<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Mungos<\/jats:italic>\n                    have large medial epicondyles on the humerus and large terminal phalanges.\n                    <jats:italic>Bdeogale<\/jats:italic>\n                    has a vestigial first metatarsal, while\n                    <jats:italic>Atilax<\/jats:italic>\n                    can splay its digits. In all species the distal phalanges are non retractile.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The trotting category (\n                    <jats:italic>Civettictis civetta. Ichneumia albicauda<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is characterized by longer epipodials and metapodials and a more proximal position of muscle bellies. Most of the adaptations minimize rotation, adduction and abduction of the leg and supination of the foot. The metatarsals are closely adjoined and the distal phalanx is stout and non \u2010retractile.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>There appear to be two levels of locomotory adaptation. Major adaptations affect the whole appendicular skeleton and are used to assign animals to primary locomotor categories. Minor adaptations occur mainly in the foot and indicate the more specific habits of the animal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051480208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T13:51:43Z","timestamp":1109253103000},"page":"227-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["The functional anatomy of the hindlimb of some african viverridae (Carnivora)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"M. E.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"McN Alexander R.1968Animal Mechanics Sidgewick and Jackson London 346pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1974.tb04134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"The rotary mobility of the fibula in eutherian mammals","volume":"87","author":"Barnet C. H.","year":"1953","journal-title":"Journ. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-3286-7.50006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.1973.tb00178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"The giant panda. A morphological study of evolutionary mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Davis D.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Chicago Nat. Hist. 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A.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"941","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Miller M. E.","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pocock R. I.1915On the feet and glands and other external characters of the Paradoxurine gentera Paradoxurus Arctictis Arctogalidea and Nandinia.J. Zool. Lond. 387\u2013412.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1915.tb07603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"349","volume-title":"On the external characters of the mongooses (Mungotidae)","author":"Pocock R. I.","year":"1916"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"486","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Cat","author":"Reighard J.","year":"1935"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Dissection of the Cat","author":"Reighard J.","year":"1935"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The principles of classification and a classificaion of mammals","volume":"85","author":"Simpson G. G.","year":"1945","journal-title":"Bull Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Quantitative Zoology","author":"Simpson G. G.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"The relationship of epiphyseal plates to stresses in some bones of the lower limb","volume":"96","author":"Smith J. W.","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1956.tb02220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Straus\u2010Durckheim H.1845Anatomic descriptive et comparative du Chat. 2 vols. Paris."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1378530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z71-159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Taylor M. E.1971bThe comparative anatomy of the limbs of East African Viverridae (Carnivora) and its relationship with locomotion. 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