{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:53:56Z","timestamp":1780613636109,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,6]],"date-time":"2005-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4999,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The scaleless notothenioid <jats:italic>Gymnodraco acuticeps<\/jats:italic> is a bottom dweller beneath the sea ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. <jats:italic>Gymnodraco<\/jats:italic> experience unusual environmental conditions, including highly oxygenated subzero water. Skin morphology is evaluated with reference to its potential as a barrier to ice propagation and as a surface for cutaneous respiration. Light and electron microscopy and histochemistry reveal skin structure that is generally similar to that of other teleosts. In the epidermis, epithelial cells are arranged in nine to fifteen layers, and two types of mucous cells are also present. Large mucous cells are most common on external epidermal surfaces, whereas small cells are more frequent on internal epithelial surfaces. Epithelial cell junctions have extensive areas of desmosomes as well as interdigitations of the cell membranes, especially in the basal and midepidermis. The dermis consists of an exceptionally dense stratum compactum. The skin is thicker than that of <jats:italic>Bovichtus<\/jats:italic>, a scaleless temperate notothenioid from New Zealand. Mean skin thicknesses at sites on the trunk are 371\u2013711 \u03bcm. With the exception of fins that contact the substrate, epidermal thickness between rays of most fins is 70\u2013118 \u03bcm. The epithelial surfaces of the oral and branchial cavities are 27\u201350 \u03bcm thick. An unusual type of connective tissue is present beneath the epidermis of the pelvic fin. It contains abundant ground substance and is similar to mucous connective tissue of the mammalian umbilical cord. Perfusions of a microvascular filling agent reveal a moderately developed cutaneous vasculature. These vessels have the dimensions of capillaries (mean external diameter 11 \u03bcm). They are confined to the dermis and are more prominent on the head than on the trunk. The skin is secondary to the gills as a respiratory surface in <jats:italic>Gymnodraco<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052080309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T15:13:12Z","timestamp":1109257992000},"page":"347-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Skin structure and vascularization in the Antarctic notothenioid fish <i>Gymnodraco acuticeps<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Eastman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Hikida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.137.1.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400043319"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","series-title":"Proc. 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