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Three dorsal muscles (rectus capitis posterior major, medius, and minor) formed a layered complex spanning from C1 and C2 to the skull. Rectus capitis posterior major was composed predominantly of fast fibers, but the other two deeper muscles contained progressively higher proportions of slow fibers. One ventral muscle, rectus capitis anterior major, was architecturally complex. It originated from several cervical vertebrae and appeared to be divided into two different heads. In contrast, rectus capitis anterior minor and rectus capitis lateralis were short, parallel\u2010fibered muscles spanning between the skull and C1. The ventral muscles all had nonuniform distributions of muscle\u2010fiber types in which fast fibers predominated. Dorsal and ventral muscle groupings usually had cross\u2010sectional areas of 0.5 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or more, reflecting a potential capacity to generate maximal tetanic force in excess of 9 N. Biomechanical analyses suggested that one muscle, rectus capitis lateralis, had its largest moment in lateral flexion, whereas the other muscles had large, posturally dependent moment arms appropriate for actions in flexion\u2010extension. The observation that most rectus muscles have relatively large cross\u2010sectional areas and high fast\u2010fiber proportions suggests that the muscles may have important phasic as well as postural roles during head movement. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052160107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T14:32:25Z","timestamp":1109255545000},"page":"47-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Suboccipital muscles in the cat neck: Morphometry and histochemistry of the rectus capitis muscle complex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"W. 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