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Polypterids and <jats:italic>Amia<\/jats:italic> each exhibit a derived condition, in which the anterior nasal opening extends into a tube. The olfactory organ is relatively far away from the anterior end of the elongate rostrum in acipenseriforms, whereas the olfactory organs are closer to the anterior end of the snout in extant actinopterygians (e.g., polypterids, lepisosteids, and amiids). In adults, olfactory organs are cuplike structures in most actinopterygians, but these organs are tubelike in polypterids. Among extant actinopterygians, a nasal diverticulum is present only in polypterids. Teleosts have accessory nasal sacs, but chondrosteans, polypterids, lepisosteids, and amiids lack them.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The olfactory rosette is formed by primary folds or lamellae that may be placed anterior, lateral, posterior, and\/or medial to the axis of the organ. Large acipenserids have 20\u201332 lamellae, polyodontids have 13\u201318 lamellae, lepisosteids have 8\u201310 lamellae, and <jats:italic>Amia<\/jats:italic> may have over 100. In teleosts, the number of lamellae varies from none or a few to over 200. Secondary lamellae are present in acipenseriforms, lepisosteids, and some advanced teleosts; secondary lamellae are interpreted as independently acquired in these lineages. Secondary lamellae are absent in <jats:italic>Amia<\/jats:italic> and primitive teleosts such as <jats:italic>Elops<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Hiodon<\/jats:italic>. Tertiary lamellae are present in <jats:italic>Acipenser oxyrhynchus<\/jats:italic>. The arrangement of the primary lamellae in relation to the axis of the organ results in at least 11 patterns of the olfactory rosette in actinopterygians. Lamellae that are enclosed in a tubelike sac and that have an anteromedial diverticulum are specializations of polypterids. Primary lamellae anterior, lateral, and posterior to an elongate axis are characteristic of lepisosteids. The presence of primary lamellae lateral, medial, and posterior to an elongate olfactory axis is a synapomorphy of Halecomorpha (<jats:italic>Amia<\/jats:italic> plus teleosts). The absence of secondary lamellae is a synapomorphy of Halecomorpha. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052220304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T14:10:56Z","timestamp":1109254256000},"page":"241-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Olfactory organ of acipenseriformes and comparison with other actinopterygians: Patterns of diversity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Xin\u2010Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Arratia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"The cranial anatomy of Polypterus, with special reference to Polypterus bichir","volume":"56","author":"Allis E. 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