{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:51:46Z","timestamp":1792637506067,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,6]],"date-time":"2005-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3355,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The effects of corticosterone (CORT)\u2010treatment on various tissues were examined in two species of anuran larvae, the discoglossid\n                    <jats:italic>Bombina orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the bufonid\n                    <jats:italic>Bufo boreas<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Corticosterone was administered directly into aquarium water for 15 days. After treatment, histological analyses were conducted on skin, gut, spleen, thymus, and neural and muscle tissue. Corticosterone treatment prevented sloughing of the skin, which resulted in a build\u2010up of stratum corneum, and inhibited the development of gland nests and the subsequent formation of dermal granular and mucous glands in both species. Corticosterone treatment also decreased epithelial folding in the gut and caused vesiculation of the gut epithelial cells. The thymus of CORT\u2010treated animals was significantly reduced in size (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05) and cell density (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), and the spleen of CORT\u2010treated animals was completely involuted. The brain and pituitary of CORT\u2010treated animals had a decreased cell density (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05) and many pyknotic cells. An examination of muscle revealed that muscle fibers of CORT\u2010treated animals had a decreased cross\u2010sectional area (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). The dose of CORT used (1.1 \u03bcM) was within the range used in other studies in the literature and resulted in tissue levels within the range experienced by larvae at metamorphic climax. Thus, this study is appropriate to address the histological effects of CORT in experimental manipulations and the role of increasing CORT at metamorphic climax. The data suggest that increasing endogenous CORT at metamorphosis may be involved in degeneration of larval tissue, prior to regeneration, which is stimulated by thyroid hormones. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052260306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T08:32:20Z","timestamp":1109233940000},"page":"297-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Histological examination of the effects of corticosterone in larvae of the western toad,\n                    <i>Bufo boreas<\/i>\n                    (Anura: Bufonidae), and the oriental fire\u2010bellied toad,\n                    <i>Bombina orientalis<\/i>\n                    (Anura: Discoglossidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Tyrone B.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"Effects of thyroxine on T cell counts and tumor cell rejection in mice","volume":"81","author":"Aoki N.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol. 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