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However, these patterns have not been quantitatively analyzed in detail, and their biomechanical and functional implications are similarly understudied. Here, we use geometric morphometrics and finite element analysis to explore the patterns of variation in crocodilian skull morphology and the functional implications of those patterns. Our results indicate that skull shape variation in extant crocodiles is much more complex than previously recognized. Differences in snout length and width are the main components of shape variation, but these differences are correlated with changes in other regions of the skull. Additionally, there is considerable disparity within general classes such as longirostrine and brevirostrine forms. For example,\n                    <jats:italic>Gavialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Tomistoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    occupy different parts of morphospace implying a significant difference in skull shape, despite the fact that both are traditionally considered longirostrine. Skull length and width also strongly influence the mechanical performance of the skull; long and narrow morphotypes (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Tomistoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) experience the highest amount of stress during biting, whereas short and broad morphotypes (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Caiman latirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) experience the least amount of stress. Biomechanical stress and the hydrodynamic properties of the skull show a strong relationship with the distribution of crocodilians in skull morphospace, whereas phylogeny and biogeography show weak or no correlation. Therefore, ecological specializations related to feeding and foraging likely have the greatest influence on crocodilian skull shape. J. Morphol., 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,21]],"date-time":"2008-05-21T16:46:33Z","timestamp":1211388393000},"page":"840-864","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Patterns of morphospace occupation and mechanical performance in extant crocodilian skulls: A combined geometric morphometric and finite element modeling approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"269","author":[{"given":"Stephanie E.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Angielczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Rayfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.8.4106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"374","volume-title":"An Introduction to Multivariate Analysis","author":"Anderson TW","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"435","volume-title":"Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data","author":"Bookstein FL","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/46.3.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1668\/0003-1569(2001)041[0564:CSISAT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.31.100901.141308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology","author":"Busbey AB","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"84","volume-title":"In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic tetrapods","author":"Clark JM","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150490889498"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012632590-4\/50011-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians: A Comprehensive Illustrated Guide by International Experts","author":"Cogger HG","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Crocodilian Biology and Evolution","author":"Daniel WJT","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/29.3.831"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1443748"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20165"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0264.2002.00396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836903003819"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284325"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300014056"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150490423971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-8463.2005.00923.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1564969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1874"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","author":"Iordansky NN","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467400006490"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","author":"Langston W","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology","author":"Lauder GV","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Part 1","author":"Lydekker R","year":"1888"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"MaddisonWP MaddisonDR.2006. 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