{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T02:27:38Z","timestamp":1776047258362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article presents a detailed description and illustration of the skull of <jats:italic>Liotyphlops albirostris<\/jats:italic> in comparison to the skulls of <jats:italic>Typhlophis squamosus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Leptotyphlops dulcis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Typhlops jamaicensis<\/jats:italic>, based on high\u2010resolution X\u2010ray computed tomography (HRXCT). The skull of <jats:italic>T. squamosus<\/jats:italic> is illustrated and discussed in detail for the first time. A number of uniquely shared derived characters is identified that support the monophyly of the clade Anomalepididae. Anomalepidids retain some features that are plesiomorphic relative to other scolecophidians, such as the presence of a supratemporal (except in <jats:italic>Anomalepis<\/jats:italic>) and ectopterygoid. The homology of the element located posteroventral to the eyeball in anomalepidids and variably referred to as a jugal or postorbital (or a fusion of both in <jats:italic>Anomalepis<\/jats:italic>) remains unknown. Scolecophidians exhibit a highly derived skull morphology adapted to head\u2010first burrowing. Both anomalepidids and typhlopids evolved a condition known as an \u201couter shell design,\u201d but did so in different ways. Leptotyphlopids combine elements of both the anomalepidid and typhlopid snout morphologies. J. Morphol., 2009. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T18:13:19Z","timestamp":1230055999000},"page":"536-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Morphology of the skull of the white\u2010nosed blindsnake, <i>Liotyphlops albirostris<\/i> (Scolecophidia: Anomalepididae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"270","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Rieppel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Kley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica Anderson","family":"Maisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"An histological study on the integument of a blind snake, Typhlops braminus (Daudin), with special reference to the sense organs and nerve ends","volume":"17","author":"Aota S","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Sci Hiroshima Univ Ser B Div"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","series-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","first-page":"1","author":"Bellairs Ad'A","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of the African worm snakes from south of Latitude 12\u00b0S (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)","volume":"5","author":"Broadley DG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Syntarsus"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1408.1.1","article-title":"A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)","volume":"1408","author":"Broadley DG","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"The skull of Leptotyphlops (Glauconia) nigricans","volume":"73","author":"Brock GT","year":"1932","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1993.tb02535.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"The innervation of the olfactory apparatus of the blind snake Leptotyphlops cairi (Dumeril and Bibron, 1844)","volume":"45","author":"Dakrory AI","year":"2005","journal-title":"Egypt J Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Notes on the snake genus Anomalepis","volume":"87","author":"Dunn ER","year":"1941","journal-title":"Bull Mus Comp Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050740203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03988.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00dcber das Kopfskelett und die Kaumuskulatur der Typhlopiden und Glauconiiden","volume":"52","author":"Haas G","year":"1930","journal-title":"Zool Jahrb Abt Anat Ontog Tiere"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Bemerkungen \u00fcber die Anatomie des Kopfes und des Sch\u00e4dels der Leptotyphlopidae (Ophidia), speziell von L. macrorhynchus Jan","volume":"104","author":"Haas G","year":"1959","journal-title":"Vierteljahresschr Naturforsch Ges Z\u00fcrich"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Remarques concernant les relations phylog\u00e9niques des diverses familles d'ophidiens fond\u00e9es sur la diff\u00e9renciation de la musculature mandibulaire","volume":"104","author":"Haas G","year":"1962","journal-title":"Colloq Int Cent Nat Rech Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1964.tb00709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1968.tb00147.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Higher\u2010level snake phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes","volume":"12","author":"Heise PJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1563285"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Comparative skin structure of some fossorial and subfossorial leptotyphlopid and colubrid snakes","volume":"31","author":"Jackson MK","year":"1975","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Iconographie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Ophidiens. 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