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This research helps fill this void by exploring the form\u2010to\u2010function relationships of the auditory system in a phylogenetically broad sample of non\u2010human primates. Numerous structures from the outer, middle, and inner ears were measured in taxa with known hearing capabilities. The structures investigated include the overall size and shape of the pinna, the areas of the tympanic membrane and stapedial footplate, the masses and lever arm lengths of the ossicles, the volumes of the middle ear cavities, and the length of the cochlea. The results demonstrate that a variety of auditory structures show significant correlations with certain aspects of hearing (particularly low\u2010frequency sensitivity). Although the majority of these relationships agree with expectations from auditory theory, some traditional (and possibly outdated) ideas were not supported. For example, the common misconception that higher middle ear transformer ratios (e.g., impedance transformer ratio) result in increased hearing sensitivity was not supported. Although simple correlations between form and function do not necessarily imply causality, the relationships defined in this study not only increase our understanding of auditory patterns in extant taxa but also lay the foundation to begin investigating the hearing in fossil primates. J. Morphol., 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,18]],"date-time":"2009-12-18T21:23:37Z","timestamp":1261171417000},"page":"511-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Correlations between auditory structures and hearing sensitivity in non\u2010human primates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"Mark N.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Colbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051470404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.50.001060"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"A shock\u2010avoidance technique for determining audiologic thresholds in the Cebus monkey","volume":"3","author":"Bragg VC","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Aud Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.400115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2166-8_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"The Functional Morphology and Evolution of the Primate Auditory System (Dissertation)","author":"Coleman MN","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20761"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-008-9330-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20583"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.121.1.371","article-title":"Biophysical aspects of directional hearing in the Tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii","volume":"121","author":"Coles RG","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"462","article-title":"Zur Physiologie des Horens; experimentelle Untersuchungen \u00fcber Mechanik der Geh\u00f6rkn\u00f6chelchenkette, sowie \u00fcber deren Verhalten auf Ton und Luftdruck. 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