{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T21:24:21Z","timestamp":1769549061714,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]],"date-time":"2010-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>All extant members of Phocoenidae (porpoises) have been characterized as pedomorphic based on skeletal characters. To investigate the ontogenetic background for pedomorphosis and assess interspecific differences in ontogeny among phocoenids, samples of the six extant species were compared in terms of development of both epiphyseal and cranial suture fusion. Across all species, full maturity of the vertebral column was rare. Vertebral epiphyseal development did not progress so far in most <jats:italic>Phocoena phocoena<\/jats:italic> as in <jats:italic>Phocoenoides dalli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Phocoena dioptrica<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>P. phocoena<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Phocoena spinipinnis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ph. dalli<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>P. dioptrica<\/jats:italic>, for which large series were available, were further compared in terms of ontogeny of cranial shape by three\u2010dimensional geometric morphometrics. <jats:italic>Ph. dalli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. dioptrica<\/jats:italic> generally showed further development of cranial sutures than the other species. Postnatal skull shape development was similar for all species studied; the majority of interspecific shape differences are present at parturition. Smaller species had a higher rate of shape development relative to growth in size than <jats:italic>Ph. dalli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. dioptrica<\/jats:italic>, but they still showed less allometric development due to less postnatal growth. Interspecific shape differences indicate phylogenetic relationships similar to that proposed based on morphology or convergent evolution of the two pelagic species, <jats:italic>Ph. dalli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. dioptrica<\/jats:italic>, under the scenarios suggested by recent molecular studies. A shape trend coinciding with habitat preference was detected; in species with pelagic preference the position and orientation of the foramen magnum aligned the skull with the vertebral column; the rostrum showed less ventral inclination, and the facial region was larger and more concave in lateral aspect. J. Morphol., 2011. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]],"date-time":"2010-10-21T15:52:24Z","timestamp":1287676344000},"page":"136-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Interspecific variation of ontogeny and skull shape among porpoises (Phocoenidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Anders","family":"Galatius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Berta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie Schou","family":"Frandsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Natalie P.","family":"Goodall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300006588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.1985.tb00003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"A quantitative theory of organic growth","volume":"10","author":"Bertalanffy Lv","year":"1938","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"549","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals","author":"Bj\u00f8rge A","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1935307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1033","volume-title":"Bioenergetics and Growth","author":"Brody S","year":"1945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","series-title":"Handbook of Marine Mammals: The Second Book of Dolphins and the Porpoises","first-page":"379","author":"Brownell RL","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","series-title":"Handbook of Marine Mammals: The Second Book of Dolphins and the Porpoises","first-page":"393","author":"Brownell RL","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2006.00080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00803.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"384","article-title":"Notes on the skeletons of whales in the principal museums in Holland and Belgium, with a description of two species apparently new to science","volume":"1864","author":"Flower WH","year":"1864","journal-title":"Proc Zool Soc Lond"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2009.01357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z03-181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.2006.00223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1825.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"On the biology of the spectacled porpoise, Australophoocoena dioptrica","volume":"16","author":"Goodall RNP","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reports of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Sightings of Burmeister's porpoise, Phocoena spinipinnis, off southern South America","volume":"16","author":"Goodall RNP","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reports of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"501","volume-title":"Ontogeny and Phylogeny","author":"Gould SJ","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"494","article-title":"Protocol for obtaining age estimates from harbour porpoise teeth","volume":"16","author":"Hohn AA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reports of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","series-title":"Handbook of Marine Mammals: The Second Book of Dolphins and the Porpoises","first-page":"443","author":"Houck WJ","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2005)025[0655:HTANEP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Skeletal development of the striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba in Japanese waters","volume":"14","author":"Ito H","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mammalogical Soc Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"Growth patterns of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Norwegian and Swedish waters","volume":"8","author":"Karstad SE","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Res Cetaceans"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The life history of Dall's porpoise with special reference to the stock off the Pacific coast of Japan","volume":"30","author":"Kasuya T","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","series-title":"Handbook of Marine Mammals: The Second Book of Dolphins and the Porpoises","first-page":"411","author":"Kasuya T","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Morpho J","author":"Klingenberg CP","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2008)28[863:ANPCOP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Investigation of aspects of the life history of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in British waters","volume":"16","author":"Lockyer C","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reports of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","series-title":"Status, Ecology and Life History of the Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Danish Waters","first-page":"143","author":"Lockyer C","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","series-title":"Life History and Ecology of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from West Greenland","first-page":"177","author":"Lockyer C","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2006.0588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2992324"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","volume-title":"Systematics and the Origin of Species","author":"Mayr E","year":"1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.35.2.2009.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/1545-1542(2002)083<0125:SSASDI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Les relations phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tiques des Delphinida","volume":"74","author":"Muizon Cd","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Pal\u00e9ontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Variation of spotted and spinner porpoise (genus Stenella) in the Eastern Pacific and Hawaii","volume":"21","author":"Perrin WF","year":"1975","journal-title":"Bull Scripps Inst Oceanogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Growth and reproduction of spotted porpoise, Stenella attenuata, in offshore eastern tropical Pacific","volume":"74","author":"Perrin WF","year":"1976","journal-title":"Fish Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","first-page":"725","article-title":"Growth and reproduction of the eastern spinner dolphin, a geographical form of Stenella longirostris in the eastern tropical Pacific","volume":"75","author":"Perrin WF","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fish Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1981.tb00770.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f90-064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","series-title":"Handbook of Marine Mammals: The Second Book of Dolphins and the Porpoises","first-page":"323","author":"Read AJ","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","first-page":"982","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals","author":"Read AJ","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f90-240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2992207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1995.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4343(86)90017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3647-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syp060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","volume-title":"Principles of Underwater Sound","author":"Urick RJ","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","series-title":"Handbook of Marine Mammals: The Second Book of Dolphins and the Porpoises","first-page":"357","author":"Vidal O","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2003.00263.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"The age of fin whales at physical maturity with a note on multiple ovulations","volume":"2","author":"Wheeler JFG","year":"1930","journal-title":"Discovery Reports (Cambridge)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00482.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmor.10900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmor.10900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T19:56:16Z","timestamp":1696881376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmor.10900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmor.10900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmor.10900","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0362-2525","1097-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0362-2525","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]]}}}