{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:22:15Z","timestamp":1779297735144,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]],"date-time":"2011-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digestive flexibility is a widespread phenomenon among animals, and the congruence between empirical data and optimal digestion models strongly supports the idea that it has evolved by natural selection. However, current understanding of the evolution of this amazing flexibility is far from being comprehensive. Evidence from vertebrate tetrapods suggests that there are two major mechanisms for intestinal down\u2010regulation during fasting periods: a decrease in the number of enterocytes in the mucosal epithelium in endothermic species, and a transitional epithelium in concert with a marked hypotrophy of enterocytes in ectothermic species. Here, we analyze the intestinal changes, at the morphological and histological levels, occurring after 9 and 16 days of fasting in a small characid fish species (<jats:italic>Hyphessobrycon luetkenii<\/jats:italic>). We found that short\u2010term fasting was correlated with a marked down\u2010regulation of gut size (i.e., caeca and intestine dry mass fall to a 42.3%, while intestinal length was reduced to a 73.9% of the feeding values) and that these changes were accompanied by a shift in intestinal epithelial organization from a simple columnar to pseudostratified one. This result, in conjunction with data on changes in enterocyte turnover rates during fasting in other fish species, suggests that gut regulation at both levels, cell renewal rate and epithelia configuration, is the basal condition to all tetrapods. More data, especially in some key taxonomic groups (e.g., fish that follow an endothermic strategy), will be needed in order to reach a clear understanding of digestive flexibility evolution. J. Morphol., 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.11005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]],"date-time":"2011-08-10T16:32:12Z","timestamp":1312993932000},"page":"49-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Digestive flexibility during fasting in the characid fish<i>Hyphessobrycon luetkenii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Gaucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"D'Anatro,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Naya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"R811","article-title":"Changes in small intestinal mucosa morphology and cell renewal in suckling, prolonged\u2010suckling and weaned lambs","volume":"261","author":"Attaix D","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.1996.d01-92.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Theory and practice of histological techniques","author":"Bancroft JD","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025461108348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2006.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.91.1.285","article-title":"A study of in vivo glycine absorption by fed and fasted rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","volume":"91","author":"Boge G","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1547","article-title":"Visceral organ size and hepatocyte metabolic activity in fed and fasted rats","volume":"118","author":"Burrin DG","year":"1988","journal-title":"JNut"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"R385","article-title":"Seasonal change in mucosal structure and function in ground squirrel intestine","volume":"28","author":"Carey HV","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Physiological and ecological adaptations to feeding in vertebrates","author":"Carey HV","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.004820"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.015313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2005.09.013","article-title":"Arousal and re\u2010feeding rapidly restores digestive tract morphology following aestivation in green\u2010striped borrowing frogs","volume":"142","author":"Cramp RL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-7272.2005.00180.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0426.2002.00384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00360-9","article-title":"Restoration of the jejunal mucosa in rats refed after prolonged fasting","volume":"129","author":"Dunel\u2010Erb S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Renouvellement de l'epith\u00e9lium intetinal de la carpe (Cyprinus carpio L.). 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