{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:31:35Z","timestamp":1761708695934},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The anterior testicular ducts of squamates transport sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the ductus deferens. These ducts consist of the rete testis, ductuli efferentes, and ductus epididymis. Many histological and a few ultrastructural studies of the squamate reproductive tract exist, but none concern the Hydrophiidae, the sea snakes and sea kraits. In this study, we describe the anterior testicular ducts of six species of hydrophiid snakes as well as representatives from the Elapidae, Homolapsidae, Leptotyphlopidae, and Uropeltidae. In addition, we examine the ultrastructure of these ducts in the yellow\u2010bellied Sea Snake, <jats:italic>Pelamis platurus<\/jats:italic>, only the third such study on snakes. The anterior testicular ducts are similar in histology in all species examined. The rete testis is simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium and transports sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the ductuli efferentes in the extratesticular epididymal sheath. The ductuli efferentes are branched, convoluted tubules composed of simple cuboidal, ciliated epithelium, and many species possess periodic acid\u2010Schiff+ granules in the cytoplasm. The ductus epididymis at the light microscopy level appears composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium. At the ultrastructural level, the rete testis and ductuli efferentes of <jats:italic>P. platurus<\/jats:italic> possess numerous small coated vesicles and lack secretory vacuoles. Apocrine blebs in the ductuli efferentes, however, indicate secretory activity, possibly by a constitutive pathway. Ultrastructure reveals three types of cells in the ductus epididymis of <jats:italic>P. platurus<\/jats:italic>: columnar principal cells, squamous basal cells, and mitochondria\u2010rich apical cells. This is the first report of apical cells in a snake. In addition, occasional principal cells possess a single cilium, which has not been reported in reptiles previously but is known in some birds. Finally, the ductus epididymis of <jats:italic>P. platurus<\/jats:italic> differs from other snakes that have been studied in possession of apical, biphasic secretory vacuoles. All of the proximal ducts are characterized by widening of adjacent plasma membranes into wide intercellular spaces, especially between the principal cells of the ductus epididymis. Our results contribute to a larger, collaborative study of the evolution of the squamate reproductive tract and to the potential for utilizing cellular characters in future phylogenetic inferences. J. Morphol. 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.11025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T15:36:45Z","timestamp":1319470605000},"page":"324-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Observations on the anterior testicular ducts in snakes with emphasis on sea snakes and ultrastructure in the yellow\u2010bellied sea snake, <i>Pelamis platurus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Sever","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Layla R.","family":"Freeborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Birds","author":"Aire TA","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.2006.00231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"Die samenableitungswege der eidechsen","volume":"6","author":"Alverdes K","year":"1926","journal-title":"Z fur Mikrosk Anat Forsch"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Die Epididymis der Sauropsiden im Vergleich zu S\u00e4ugetier und Mensch","volume":"1928","author":"Alverdes K","year":"1928","journal-title":"Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"290","article-title":"Seasonal variation of the male urogenital organs of Scincus scincus L. and Chalcides ocellatus Forsk","volume":"160","author":"Badir N","year":"1958","journal-title":"Zeit Wissen Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02243.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10879-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"BurnsGW.1984.Aspects of population movements and reproductive biology ofAipysurus laevis the Olive Sea Snake. 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