{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:39:52Z","timestamp":1761485992542},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The muscular system in the Pacific bluefin tuna <jats:italic>Thunnus orientalis<\/jats:italic> is studied in detail. For the first time, a complete description of the muscular anatomy of a thunnid is provided here. Eighty\u2010two elements including subdivisions of components of the muscular system are identified. This is less than found in a basal perciform and two other investigated scombrid species, owing mainly to the absence or fusion of pectoral, pelvic and caudal fin muscles. The absence of elements of the basal perciform pattern was most prominent in the caudal fin, which includes only the flexor dorsalis, flexor ventralis, hypochordal longitudinalis, and interradialis. In the caudal fin, the medial fan\u2010shaped ray was identified as the first dorsal ray, judging from myological and neuroanatomical characters. The highly developed gill filament muscles in <jats:italic>Thunnus orientalis<\/jats:italic> and sheet\u2010like rectus communis control gill ventilation. Long body muscle tendons reduce the metabolic energy needed during rapid and continuous swimming. These characters are interpreted as adaptations in the context of the oceanic life style of the species. J. Morphol. 275:217\u2013229, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T05:42:49Z","timestamp":1383543769000},"page":"217-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Muscular system in the pacific bluefin tuna <i>Thunnus orientalis<\/i> (Teleostei: Scombridae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"275","author":[{"given":"Masanori","family":"Nakae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology National Museum of Nature and Science 4\u20101\u20101 Amakubo Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20100005 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Marine Biology Faculty of Science Kochi University 2\u20105\u20101 Akebono\u2010cho Kochi 780\u20108520 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gento","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology National Museum of Nature and Science 4\u20101\u20101 Amakubo Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20100005 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tokihiko","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oshima Experiment Station Kinki University 1790\u20104, Oshima Kushimoto Wakayama 649\u20103633 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology National Museum of Nature and Science 4\u20101\u20101 Amakubo Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20100005 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Elastic Mechanisms in Animal Movement","author":"Alexander RMcN","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050180103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"468","volume-title":"Tuna: Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution","author":"Block BA","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-639180-0.50019-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-639180-0.50009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"516","article-title":"Systematics and morphology of the bonitos (Sarda) and their relatives (Scombridae, Sardini)","volume":"73","author":"Collette BB","year":"1975","journal-title":"Fish Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"591","volume-title":"Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. 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