{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T04:14:33Z","timestamp":1747282473373,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among stylommatophoran gastropods, many species have simplified or reduced their copulatory organs, for example, within the Arionidae, many species lack penes. In this study, I ask two questions 1) How are soft bodied slugs which do not possess a penis connected during copulation? and 2) Is there a mechanical isolating barrier between related sympatric slug species? Observations on the mating behavior and the functional morphology of the distal genital apparatus were made in a mixed population of<jats:italic>Arion lusitanicus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Arion rufus<\/jats:italic>. The investigated<jats:italic>Arion<\/jats:italic>species exhibit an elaborate copulation process with a quick genital coupling. Prior to full eversion of the distal genitalia, the genital coupling proceeds inside the atrium cavity of one of the partners. This is in contrast to the symmetrical mutual eversion in penis\u2010bearing species. The donor\u2013recipient channels are tightly connected to one after another and fit precisely. During copulation, the jelly\u2010coated spermatophore of the donor is pressed out into the connected channel of the partner, where it is implanted only with its frontal part. In the field, successful interspecific matings in terms of spermatophore transfer were rarely observed. The observations presented indicate a mechanical barrier which may profoundly influence the intraspecific and interspecific mating success. J. Morphol. 276:631\u2013648, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T06:40:10Z","timestamp":1419316810000},"page":"631-648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["How can two soft bodied animals be precisely connected? a miniature quick\u2010connect system in the slugs,<scp><i>A<\/i><\/scp><i>rion lusitanicus<\/i>and<scp><i>A<\/i><\/scp><i>rion rufus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Allgaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates Eberhard\u2010Karls\u2010University T\u00fcbingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleoclimatology, Eberhard\u2010Karls\u2010University T\u00fcbingen H\u00f6lderlinstr. 12 72074 T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Aut\u2010 und agrar\u00f6kologische Untersuchungen an Arion lusitanicus Mabille, 1868 (Pulmonata: Arionidae) [Unpublished Diploma Thesis]","year":"2000","author":"Allgaier C","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Nachweis der Koexistenz von Arion hortensis F\u00e9russac 1819 und Arion distinctus Mabille 1868 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Arionidae) in T\u00fcbingen (Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg)","volume":"162","author":"Allgaier C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jh Ges Naturkde W\u00fcrttemberg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Biologie von Arion empiricorum","volume":"50","author":"Alsterberg G","year":"1930","journal-title":"Biol Zb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0469.1985.tb00568.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"On the infrageneric systematics of the genus Arion F\u00e9russac, 1819 (Mollusca, Pulmonata)","volume":"60","author":"Backeljau T","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bull Inst R Sci Nat Belg Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"An advantageous use of multivariate statistics in a biometrical study on the Arion hortensis complex (Pulmonata: Arionidae) in Belgium","volume":"18","author":"Backeljau T","year":"1985","journal-title":"Malacol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"Die Mikromorphologie von Helix pomatia und einigen anderen Stylommatophoren","volume":"29","author":"Baecker R","year":"1932","journal-title":"Ztschr Ges Anat Abt III"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851993188.0000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Recherches sur l'appareil Generateur des Mollusques Gasteropodes","volume":"19","author":"Baudelot M","year":"1863","journal-title":"Ann Sci Nat Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection","author":"Baur B","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis der gro\u00dfen Wegschnecken (Arion s. str.) 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