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Therefore, mice in these experiments can be used to model a rudimentary form of arboreal locomotion in an animal without other morphological specializations for using a fine branch niche. This model would prove useful to better understand the origins of arboreal behaviors in mammals like primates. In this study, we examined if locomotion on these substrates influences the mid\u2010diaphyseal cross\u2010sectional geometry of mouse metatarsals. Thirty CD\u20101\/ICR mice were raised in either arboreal (composed of elevated narrow branches of varying orientation) or terrestrial (flat ramps and walkways that are stratified) habitats from weaning (21 days) to adulthood (\u22654 months). After experiments, the hallucal metatarsal (Mt1) and third metatarsal (Mt3) for each individual were isolated and micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT) scans were obtained to calculate mid\u2010shaft cross\u2010sectional area and polar section modulus. Arboreal mice had Mt1s that were significantly more robust. Mt3 cross sections were not significantly different between groups. The arboreal group also exhibited a significantly greater Mt1\/Mt3 ratio for both robusticity measures. We conclude that the hallucal metatarsal exhibits significant phenotypic plasticity in response to arboreal treatment due to habitual locomotion that uses a rudimentary hallucal grasp. Our results support the hypothesis that early adaptive stages of fine branch arboreality should be accompanied by a slightly more robust hallux associated with the biomechanical demands of this niche. J. Morphol. 276:759\u2013765, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T09:58:52Z","timestamp":1426067932000},"page":"759-765","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mouse hallucal metatarsal cross\u2010sectional geometry in a simulated fine branch niche"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Craig D.","family":"Byron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Mercer University Macon Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Herrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversite CNRS\/MNHN Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Morphology Ghent University Gent 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