{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:52:49Z","timestamp":1773802369740,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006299","name":"Illinois Program for Research in the Humanities, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006299","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006279","name":"St. Jude Medical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRI DBI\u20100922988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRI DBI\u20100922988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ancestral frogs underwent anatomical shifts including elongation of the hindlimbs and pelvis and reduction of the tail and vertebral column that heralded the transition to jumping as a primary mode of locomotion. Jumping has been hypothesized to have evolved in a step\u2010wise fashion with basal frogs taking\u2010off with synchronous hindlimb extension and crash\u2010landing on their bodies, and then their limbs move forward. Subsequently, frogs began to recycle the forelimbs forward earlier in the jump to control landing. Frogs with forelimb landing radiated into many forms, locomotor modes, habitats, and niches with controlled landing thought to improve escape behavior. While the biology of take\u2010off behavior has seen considerable study, interspecific comparisons of take\u2010off and landing behavior are limited. In order to understand the evolution of jumping and controlled landing in frogs, data are needed on the movements of the limbs and body across an array of taxa. Here, we present the first description and comparison of kinematics of the hindlimbs, forelimbs and body during take\u2010off and landing in relation to ground reaction forces in four frog species spanning the frog phylogeny. The goal of this study is to understand what interspecific differences reveal about the evolution of take\u2010off and controlled landing in frogs. We provide the first comparative description of the entire process of jumping in frogs. Statistical comparisons identify both homologous behaviors and significant differences among species that are used to map patterns of trait evolution and generate hypotheses regarding the functional evolution of take\u2010off and landing in frogs. J. Morphol. 277:379\u2013393, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T12:50:44Z","timestamp":1451393444000},"page":"379-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Functional evolution of jumping in frogs: Interspecific differences in take\u2010off and landing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephane J.","family":"Montuelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Athens 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