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Here, we analyzed the ear morphology of<jats:italic>R. sinensis<\/jats:italic>with respect to hearing specialization for subterranean or aboveground modes of communication. It is well\u2010known that ecology and style of life of a particular species can be reflected in morphology of its ear, its hearing and vocalization, so we expect that such information could provide us insight into its style of life and its sensory environment. The ratio between the eardrum and stapedial footplate areas, which influences the efficiency of middle ear sound transmission, suggests low hearing sensitivity, as is typical for subterranean species. The cochlea had 3.25 coils and resembled species with good low frequency hearing typical for subterranean mammals. The length of the basilar membrane was 18.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 mm and its width slowly increased towards the cochlear apex from 60 to 85 \u03bcm. The mean density of outer hair cells was 344\u2009\u00b1\u200922 and of inner hair cells 114\u2009\u00b1\u20097.3 per 1 mm length of the organ of Corti, and increased apically. These values (except for relatively low hair cell density) usually characterize ears specialized for low frequency hearing. There was no evidence for an acoustic fovea. Apart of low hair cell density which is common in aboveground animals, this species has also relatively large auricles, suggesting the importance of sound localization during surface activity. The ear of the Chinese bamboo rat thus contains features typical for both aboveground and subterranean mammals and suggests that this spalacid has fossorial habits combined with regular aboveground activity. J. Morphol. 277:575\u2013584, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]],"date-time":"2016-02-16T08:56:45Z","timestamp":1455613005000},"page":"575-584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Does the morphology of the ear of the<scp>C<\/scp>hinese bamboo rat (<i><scp>R<\/scp>hizomys sinensis<\/i>) show \u201cSubterranean\u201d characteristics?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Lucie","family":"Ple\u0161tilov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice 37005 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ema","family":"Hrouzkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice 37005 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hynek","family":"Burda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice 37005 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg\u2010Essen, D\u201045117 Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radim","family":"\u0160umbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice 37005 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/07-MAMM-A-401.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"963","article-title":"Hearing in coruros (Spalacopus cyanus): Special audiogram features of a subterranean rodent","volume":"190","author":"Begall S","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69276-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69276-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"B\u00e9k\u00e9syGV.1974. 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