{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:22:43Z","timestamp":1791278563360,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Hula Painted Frog (<jats:italic>Latonia nigriventer<\/jats:italic>) is a rare frog species endemic to the Hula Valley, Israel. The species is the sole relict of a clade that was widespread mainly in Europe from the Oligocene until the beginning of the Pleistocene. The osteological characteristics of <jats:italic>L. nigriventer<\/jats:italic> are described based on X\u2010ray microtomography scans of extant specimens and Pleistocene bones from the Hula Valley, to elucidate the evolutionary history of Alytidae and more specifically of <jats:italic>Latonia<\/jats:italic>. Based on the osteological description of <jats:italic>L. nigriventer<\/jats:italic>, we now better understand the differences, between <jats:italic>Latonia<\/jats:italic> and its sister taxon <jats:italic>Discoglossus<\/jats:italic>. They differ mainly in their cranial structure with the reinforced skull of <jats:italic>Latonia<\/jats:italic> having powerful jaws. <jats:italic>Latonia nigriventer<\/jats:italic> can achieve great force while closing its jaws, due to increased adductor muscle insertion surfaces as expressed by the presence of an additional paracoronoid process and an enlarged upper margin of the postero\u2010lateral wall of the lower jaw. In addition, a wider pterygoid fossa and higher canthus postero\u2010lateralis of the frontoparietal, compared to that of <jats:italic>Discoglossus<\/jats:italic>, also suggest the presence of well\u2010developed adductor muscles. Furthermore, <jats:italic>L. nigriventer<\/jats:italic> have particularly strong skulls as expressed by: long articulations between different skull elements, interdigitation in the contact area between the nasals and between nasals and the frontoparietals, and fused frontoparietals. Both males and females <jats:italic>L. nigriventer<\/jats:italic> have very robust forelimbs, as indicated by well\u2010developed medial crests of the humerus. Based on limited eastern Mediterranean paleontological data, we can only suspect that the dispersal of <jats:italic>Latonia<\/jats:italic> into the Levant from Asia Minor occurred at some point during the Miocene or later. The first appearance of <jats:italic>L. nigriventer<\/jats:italic> in the Hula Valley, its current habitat, dates to approximately 780 thousand years ago at the archaeological site of Gesher Benot Ya\u2018aqov. J. Morphol. 277:1131\u20131145, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T05:26:26Z","timestamp":1463549186000},"page":"1131-1145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Osteological Observations on the Alytid Anura <i>Latonia nigriventer<\/i> with Comments on Functional Morphology, Biogeography, and Evolutionary History"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Biton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Natural History Collections, Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Boistel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPHEP, UMR CNRS 7562, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, UFR SFA Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rivka","family":"Rabinovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Natural History Collections, Institute of Earth Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarig","family":"Gafny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruppin Academic Center, School of Marine Sciences Michmoret Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad","family":"Brumfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Bailon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7209 Arch\u00e9ozoologie, Arch\u00e9obotanique: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, pratiques et environnements Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, Mus\u00e9um national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS Paris France"},{"name":"UMR 7194 Histoire naturelle de l'Homme pr\u00e9historique Mus\u00e9um national d'Histoire naturelle, UPVD, CNRS Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Human Paleoecology in the Levantine Corridor","author":"Almogi\u2010Labin A","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-3765-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1180695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Fiches d'ost\u00e9ologie animale pour l'arch\u00e9ologie, s\u00e9rie c: varia","author":"Bailon S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/quaternaire.960"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Diet of Discoglossus pictus Otth 1837 (Anura, Alytidae) and Pelophylax saharicus (Boulenger in Hartert, 1913) in the oases of Kettana (Gabes, Tunisia)","volume":"134","author":"Ben Hassine J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull Soc Zool Fr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2959"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icr034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII","author":"Bridault A","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Miocene Reptilian and Amphibian Faunas of Anatolia [dissertation]","author":"Claessens L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"2465","volume-title":"Amphibian Biology. 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