{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:06:25Z","timestamp":1790877985364,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS Research Fellowship","award":["23.0778 (to H.H.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23.0778 (to H.H.)"]}]},{"name":"Japan-Australia Research Cooperative Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["10034011-000062 and 13039901-000237 (to S.H.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10034011-000062 and 13039901-000237 (to S.H.)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The vagus nerve, or the tenth cranial nerve, innervates the heart in addition to other visceral organs, including the posterior visceral arches. In amniotes, the anterior and posterior cardiac branches arise from the branchial and intestinal portions of the vagus nerve to innervate the arterial and venous poles of the heart, respectively. The evolution of this innervation pattern has yet to be elucidated, due mainly to the lack of morphological data on the vagus in basal vertebrates. To investigate this topic, we observed the vagus nerves of the lamprey (\n                    <jats:italic>Lethenteron japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), elephant shark (\n                    <jats:italic>Callorhinchus milii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and mouse (\n                    <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), focusing on the embryonic patterns of the vagal branches in the venous pole. In the lamprey, no vagus branch was found in the venous pole throughout development, whereas the arterial pole was innervated by a branch from the branchial portion. In contrast, the vagus innervated the arterial and venous poles in the mouse and elephant shark. Based on the morphological patterns of these branches, the venous vagal branches of the mouse and elephant shark appear to belong to the intestinal part of the vagus, implying that the cardiac nerve pattern is conserved among crown gnathostomes. Furthermore, we found a topographical shift of the structures adjacent to the venous pole (i.e., the hypoglossal nerve and pronephros) between the extant gnathostomes and lamprey. Phylogenetically, the lamprey morphology is likely to be the ancestral condition for vertebrates, suggesting that the evolution of the venous branch occurred early in the gnathostome lineage, in parallel with the remodeling of the head\u2013trunk interfacial domain during the acquisition of the neck. J. Morphol. 277:1146\u20131158, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T18:29:28Z","timestamp":1464114568000},"page":"1146-1158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["On the vagal cardiac nerves, with special reference to the early evolution of the head\u2013trunk interface"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Higashiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science Kobe University Kobe 657\u20108501 Japan"},{"name":"Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory RIKEN Kobe 650\u20100047 Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy the University of Tokyo Tokyo 113\u20108657 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Hirasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory RIKEN Kobe 650\u20100047 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Oisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory RIKEN Kobe 650\u20100047 Japan"},{"name":"Development and Function of Inhibitory Neural Circuits, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Sugahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory RIKEN Kobe 650\u20100047 Japan"},{"name":"Division of Biology Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo 663\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Hyodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo Chiba 277\u20108564 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiakira","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy the University of Tokyo Tokyo 113\u20108657 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kuratani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory RIKEN Kobe 650\u20100047 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"The Peripheral Distribution of the Cranial Nerves of Ammocoetes","volume":"33","author":"Alcock R.","year":"1898","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.254.5032.701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.117.1.449","article-title":"The location of cardiac vagal preganglionic neurones in the brain stem of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula","volume":"117","author":"Barrett DJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.5.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000227571.84189.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0080456800033433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001660406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(199804)236:1<25::AID-JMOR2>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2007.00311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"The Cranial Muscles of Vertebrates. 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