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Neutron tomography of a skull of <jats:italic>Diictodon feliceps<\/jats:italic> (Therapsida, Anomodontia) revealed some clear impressions of canals in this region of the brain cavity. Furthermore, the prootic sinus probably ran on the internal surface of the pila antotica and had a similar course in anomodonts as it has been proposed for cynodonts and Mesozoic mammals. Comparisons with the vascular systems of nonmammalian synapsids and mammals suggest that the unossified zone is best interpreted as a terminal chamber of the anterior segment of the medial head vein, which housed the junction of the superior sagittal sinus and the transverse sinuses. Consequently, the system of cranial vessels in <jats:italic>Diictodon<\/jats:italic> reveals a partial division of the medial head vein system into an anterior and a posterior segment at an early stage of synapsid evolution, which is consistent with the well\u2010known common pattern of early ontogenetic development in amniotes. J. Morphol., 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T09:56:54Z","timestamp":1497607014000},"page":"1020-1032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["What did the \u201cUnossified zone\u201d of the non\u2010mammalian therapsid braincase house?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Laa\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Department of General Zoology, University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Universit\u00e4tsstr. 5 Essen D\u201345117 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Schillinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinz Maier\u2010Leibnitz Centre and Faculty for Physics E21 Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 1 Garching D\u201085747 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Kaestner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neutron Imaging and Activation Group Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen PSI CH\u20105232 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Cranio\u2010osteological studies in Dicynodon grimbeeki with special reference to the sphenethmoid region and cranial kinesis","volume":"6","author":"Agnew JD.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Palaeontol Afr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Additions to our knowledge of the South African Gorgonopsia preserved in the British Museum (Natural History)","volume":"31","author":"Boonstra LD.","year":"1934","journal-title":"Ann S Afr Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"A contribution to the morphology of the mammal\u2010like reptiles of the suborder Therocephalia","volume":"31","author":"Boonstra LD.","year":"1934","journal-title":"Ann S Afr Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"The braincase, basicranial axis and median septum in the Dinocephalia","volume":"50","author":"Boonstra LD.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann S Afr Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1959.tb05526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The cranial morphology of the dicynodont genus Lystrosaurus","volume":"56","author":"Cluver MA.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann S Afr Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1909.0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"The cranial morphology of Thrinaxodon liorhinus Seeley","volume":"65","author":"Fourie S.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ann S Afr Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.82144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia. 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