{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:36:17Z","timestamp":1785800177402,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cribriform plate, a perpendicular plate, and two lateral masses are major components of the ethmoid bone of mammals. Notwithstanding the noticeable bone, virtually sitting in the center of the skull, extensive modifications of the skull of modern cetaceans, especially odontocetes (toothed whales), and the lack of clarity as to what characteristics delimit each element of the ethmoid has made the problem of the nature of the cetacean ethmoid more complicated and elusive than in other, less modified mammals. Furthermore, contention as to whether a perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, or the mesethmoid, exists in all mammals including cetaceans has remained unsettled. In odontocetes, the mesethmoid has been variably identified not only as the osseous nasal septum but also as the mediodorsal region of the posterior wall of the nasal passage below the nasals, as a mass of bone encased by the vomer in front of the osseous nasal cavity at the base of the rostrum, and as a combination of some portions mentioned above. The presence or absence of the mesethmoid in various groups of mammals has attracted the attention of some biologists, and here, I demonstrate that cetaceans have no mesethmoid. The close inspection of the ontogenetic changes of the basicranial elements in cetaceans reveals that a mass of bone ensheathed by the vomer in front, or at the level of the osseous nasal cavity is actually the presphenoid. It is highly likely that in odontocetes the posterior wall of the nasal passages below the nasals consists of the combination of the frontal, the imperforated cribriform plate, the paired ectethmoids, and the vomer, the latter three of which partially concealing the presphenoid dorsally and laterally as the ontogeny proceeds. In contrast, mysticetes clearly display ethmoturbinates and a cribriform plate, which are morphologically similar to those in terrestrial mammals. J. Morphol. 277:1661\u20131674, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T03:52:47Z","timestamp":1474343567000},"page":"1661-1674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The ethmoid and presphenoid of cetaceans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Ichishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum Terao 51\u201011, Muroko Katsuyama Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Phylogenetic status of the Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray): A cladistic analysis","volume":"39","author":"Arnold PW","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mem Qld Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5962\/p.208183","article-title":"The Late Miocene dolphin Pithanodelphis Abel, 1905 (Cetacea: Kentriodontidae) from California","volume":"367","author":"Barnes LG.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Contrib Sci (LACM)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5252\/g2013n1a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409518102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"The surface features of the brain of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)","volume":"89","author":"Breathnach AS.","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1960.tb01414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1926.tb01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1927.tb02257.x","article-title":"Some further points on the structure of the mammalian basicranial axis","volume":"1927","author":"Broom R.","year":"1927","journal-title":"Proc Zool Soc Lond"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1930.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"A further contribution to our knowledge of the structure of the mammalian basicranial axis","volume":"18","author":"Broom R.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Ann Transvaal Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902770108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052150203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1862.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-005-4861-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1944.tb00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0469.2000.384135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"554","volume-title":"The Development of the Vertebrate Skull","author":"Beer GR.","year":"1937"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Marine Mammal Biology","author":"Dehnhardt G.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sirenian evolution in the North Pacific Ocean","volume":"118","author":"Domning DP.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Univ Calif Publ Geol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1950.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000139733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"1113","volume-title":"Miller's Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evans HE.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"282","volume-title":"Cell Biology of Olfaction","author":"Farbman AI.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Torrey's Morphogenesis of the Vertebrates","author":"Feduccia A","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.46885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"382","volume-title":"An introduction to the osteology of the Mammalia","author":"Flower WH.","year":"1885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.1947.26.1-2.153","article-title":"Description of Prosqualodon davidi Flynn, a fossil cetacean from Tasmania","volume":"26","author":"Flynn TT.","year":"1948","journal-title":"Trans Zool Soc Lond"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00810266.93.185","article-title":"Simocetus rayi (Odontoceti: Simocetidae, new family): A bizarre new archaic Oligocene dolphin from the eastern North Pacific","volume":"93","author":"Fordyce RE.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Smithson Contrib Paleobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"The chondrocranium of Proteles cristatus and of Genetta genetta (Mammalia, Carnivora)","volume":"7","author":"Frangioni G.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Monit Zool Ital"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.144120","volume-title":"Handbook of RH Burne's cetacean dissections. Br Mus (Nat Hist)","author":"Fraser FC.","year":"1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"19","volume-title":"The Evolution of Artiodactyls","author":"Geisler JH","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"2095","volume-title":"Sisson and Grossman's The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals","author":"Getty R.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1206\/0003-0090(2006)295[0001:OTCOOC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Cranial morphology of Protosiren fraasi (Mammalia, Sirenia) from the Middle Eocene of Egypt: A new study using computed tomography","volume":"30","author":"Gingerich PD.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Contrib Mus Geol Univ Mich"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2013.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22637"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"837","volume-title":"Studies on the Structure and Development of Vertebrates","author":"Goodrich ES.","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Molecular evidence for the inclusion of cetaceans within the Order Artiodactyla","volume":"11","author":"Graur D","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.2481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","first-page":"318","volume-title":"Sisson and Grossman's The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals","author":"Hillmann DJ.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","first-page":"1231","volume-title":"Sisson and Grossman's The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals","author":"Hillmann DJ.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10292380009380556"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biology of Cetaceans","author":"Ichishima H.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Do cetaceans have the mesethmoid?","volume":"10","author":"Ichishima H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mem Fukui Pref Dinosaur Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2005)025[0655:HTANEP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"The Biology of Marine Mammals","author":"Jansen J","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Morphology of the Sirenia","author":"Kaiser HE.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","first-page":"747","volume-title":"Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution","author":"Kardong KV.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.62-2462.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.63-2483.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.67-2600.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/394293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10292380009380552"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"The skull of Ziphius cavirostris","volume":"38","author":"Kernan JD.","year":"1918","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Natl Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3853\/j.0067-1975.21.1941.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-58612-5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"On the brain of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon L.)","volume":"6","author":"Kojima T.","year":"1951","journal-title":"Sci Rep Whales Res Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2005.0380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208693109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Embryogenesis of the osseous skull of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758)","volume":"7","author":"Kuzmin AA.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Invest Cet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2011.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1373765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The brain of the whalebone whale, Balaenoptera physalus","volume":"57","author":"Langworthy OR.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1206\/365.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35054544"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Studies on the skeleton of Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) IV. Bones of the head (cranial and facial bones)","volume":"22","author":"Matsuo S","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Fac Agri Shinshu Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Notes on the foetal skull of Mesoplodon stejnegeri","volume":"28","author":"McCann C.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Sci Rep Whales Res Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"The Greater Antillean insectivores","volume":"115","author":"McDowell SB.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Natl Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150802304787"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00810282.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The telescoping of the cetacean skull","volume":"76","author":"Miller GS.","year":"1923","journal-title":"Smithson Misc Coll"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","first-page":"557","volume-title":"The Cat","author":"Mivart G.","year":"1881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330010208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","first-page":"369","volume-title":"The Mammalian Skull","author":"Moore WJ.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5918807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps177235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603797103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","first-page":"438","volume-title":"The Skull. Volume 2, Patterns of Structural and Systematic Diversity","author":"Novacek MJ.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals","author":"Oelschl\u00e4ger HHA","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/SPE55-p1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","first-page":"592","volume-title":"Birds and Mammals","author":"Owen R.","year":"1866"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Variation of spotted and spinner porpoise (genus Stenella) in the eastern tropical Pacific and Hawaii","volume":"21","author":"Perrin WF.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Bull Scripps Inst Oceanogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/prot17190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050990205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-440280-5.50008-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900680102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_104_1","first-page":"643","volume-title":"The Vertebrate Body","author":"Romer AS.","year":"1949"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_105_1","first-page":"624","volume-title":"The Vertebrate Body","author":"Romer AS","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-440280-5.50006-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-005-5731-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/pb-2-89-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_109_1","first-page":"370","volume-title":"The Nose, Paranasal Sinuses, Nasolacrimal Passageways, and Olfactory Organ in Man","author":"Schaeffer JP.","year":"1920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_110_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Monographs of the Pacific Cetacea II\u2010The sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis Lesson) 2: Anatomy of a foetus of Balaenoptera borealis (with an account of the ear by Kernan JD, p 492\u2013497)","volume":"1","author":"Schulte HW.","year":"1916","journal-title":"Mem Am Mus Natl Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_111_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"The skull of Kogia breviceps Blainv","volume":"37","author":"Schulte HW.","year":"1917","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Natl Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3897\/vz.60.e30994","article-title":"Chondrocranium and dermal bones of the lowland streaked tenrec Hemicentetes semispinosus (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae) and their comparison with Potamogale and other insectivoran\u2010grade placental mammals","volume":"60","author":"Schunke AC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vert Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/003591575404700203","article-title":"The growth of the human face","volume":"47","author":"Scott JH.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proc Roy Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_114_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"The skull of Chinese finless porpoise","volume":"8","author":"Shaw T\u2010H.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Bull Fan Mem Inst Biol, Zool Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/41759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1998.0520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_117_1","first-page":"1427","volume-title":"Sisson and Grossman's The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals","author":"Sisson S.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_118_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Notes sur la t\u00eate d'un foetus de Balaenoptera sibbaldii (Gray)","volume":"9","author":"Smets G.","year":"1885","journal-title":"Ann Soc Sci Bruxelles"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20787"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_121_1","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 de Zoologie, Anatomie, Syst\u00e9matique, Biologie","author":"Starck D.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0469.2009.00560.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35095005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2010.00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_125_1","first-page":"607","volume-title":"Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Vol. 2. Small mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals","author":"Uhen MD","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VanBeneden PJ GervaisP.1868\u22121880. Ost\u00e9ographie des c\u00e9tac\u00e8s vivants et fossiles comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du syst\u00e8me dentaire de ces animaux; ainsi que des documents relatifs \u00e0 leur histoire naturelle. Paris: Arthus Bertrand.634p 64 pls.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.50302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_127_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"The skull and mandible of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)","volume":"62","author":"Merwe NJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_128_1","first-page":"750","volume-title":"Mammalogy","author":"Vaughan TA","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5962\/p.316081","article-title":"On the cranial osteology of the yellow armadillo Euphractus sexcintus (Dasypodidae, Xenarthra, Placentalia)","volume":"73","author":"Wible JR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Carnegie Mus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(99)80048-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_132_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Mammalia Depicta","author":"Zeller U.","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Journal of Morphology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmor.20615","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmor.20615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmor.20615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T20:31:01Z","timestamp":1696365061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmor.20615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmor.20615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmor.20615","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0362-2525","1097-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0362-2525","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]}}}